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5,494,513 34 media. Research has shown that the substitution of Al in ettringitebyTi,Cr,Mn andFeleadstotheformationof similarcompoundsofthetypeCa6[M(OH)6]2(SO4)326H2O, which undergo extensive solid solution with each other Replacement of the S042“ ions by CrO42_ ions is also reported to give the compound chromate-ettringite Ca6 [A1(OH)6]2(CrO4)326H2O,thatisisomorphouswithettring ite. When calcium oxide is replaced by strontium oxide for the reaction with hydrated aluminum sulphate in water, strontiumsulphoalurninatehydrateisformedwhichbearsa close structural relationship to ettringite (see “Studies of ettringite and its derivatives”, Cement Technology, Vol. 2, Part3,p.73,1971;“Studiesofettringiteanditsderivatives. PartI:Chromatesubstitution”,SilicatesIndustrials,Vol23, 1972; “Studies of ettringite and its derivatives, Part HI: Investigations of strontium and barium substitution in etringite”,CementTechnology, Sept/Oct, 1972,J.Bensted and S. P. Varma). It has been concluded with respect to the utilizationofcement-basedsolidi?cationtechniquesthatthe ?xationofmetals(suchaszincandmercury)inthecemen titious system is mainly attributed to substitution in the Aft phase,e.g.ettringite(see“Mechanismsofmetal?xationand leaching by cement based ?xation processes”, Waste Man~ agement& Research,Vol.3,p.127,C.S.Poon,A.1.Clark, C. J. Peters and R. Perry, 1985). The materials used for solidi?cation are usually based on Portland cement and high alumina cement. Since‘, however, only a small part of the components,e.g.ettringite,inthesematerialsiseffectivefor the adsorption and ?xation of toxic ions, the problems relatedtoleakageoftoxicionsfromthosesolidi?edwaste materials remain. High content of zeolite in concrete compositions is eco nomically advantageous since zeolites are abundant and relatively inexpensive. However, as stated expressly in the Japanese patent application No IFS-294750, when the zeo lite content in prior art concrete compositions exceeds certain limit, the compressive strength of the resulting concrete product su?’ers. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of this invention to provide a lightweight concrete product in which natural zeolite is a major com ponent. Itisanotherobjectofthisinventiontoprovideanaerated concrete product in which pre-treated natural zeolite or synthetic zeolite is a major component. It is yet another object of this invention to provide a formulationofalightweight,high-strengthconcreteproduct in which pre-treated natural zeolite is a major component. It is stil another object of this invention to provide a binding material in which natural zeolite is a major compo nent, for use in hazardous waste stabilization. 23° C. wherein said cementing material comprises about 50-80 wt. % of zeolite which is either non-calcined or calcined above 800° C. 20-49 wt. % Portland cement and l-8wt.% strengtheningagent. According to a second aspect of the invention, there is providedalightweightconcreteproductcomprising40-100 wt.% cementingmaterialand0-60wt.% aggregate,and havingdrybulkdensity1000-1600kg/m3andcompressive strength 4- 18 MPa after 3-6 hours autoclave curing at 10 170°—180°C.,orafter8-14hoursmoist-curingat75°-85° C., or after 28 days moist-curing at 23° C., wherein the cementingmaterialcomprises60-80wt.% zeolitewhichis either non—calcined or calcined at above 800° C. 10-20 wt % lime,0-15wt.% silicaflourand1-8wt.% strengthening agent. It is a further object of this invention to provide methods 55 of pre-treatment of natural zeolite for use in the production oflightweightconcreteproducts. It is yet another object of this invention to provide methods of production of lightweight concrete products, includingmixing,aerating,pre-storageandhardening. 60 According to a ?rst aspect of the invention, there is provided a lightweight concrete composition, or product, comprising40-100wt.% cementingmaterialand0-60wt. % aggregate,andhavingdrybulkdensity300-1600kg/m3 and compressive strength 0.3-35 MPa after 3-6 hours autoclave curing at 170°-l80° C., or after 8-14 hours moist-curingat75°-85°C.,orafter28daysmoist-curingat According to a third aspect of the invention, there is providedalightweightconcreteproductcomprising40-100 wt.% cementingmaterialand0-60wt.% aggregate,and having compressive strength 0.3-12 MPa and dry bulk densityof300-1100kg/m3after3-6hoursofautoclave curing at 170°- 180° C., wherein the cementing material comprises55-79wt.% ofzeolitecalcinedat400°-600°C., 20-44wt.% Portlandcement,0-5wt.% lime,0-10wt.% silica?ourandl-8wt.% strengtheningagent. In the above embodiments of the present invention, the aggregate may be crushed zeolite rock having the particle size of 2-6 mm, or, alternatively, a construction sand. Further, wollastonite may be added to the above products in anamounteffectivetopreventorreducecrackformationdue todryingshrinkage. In the last of the above embodiments, an air-bubble stabilization agents may be used in an amount effective to stabilize and optimize the cellular structure of the product. According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a binding material for use in hazardous waste stabilization,comprising40-60wt.% zeolite,15-20wt.% lime, 15-20 wt. % calcium sulphate hernihydrate (CaSO4O1/zHZO),3-8wt.% sodiumsulphateand0-8wt.% aluminumsulphate,havingasettingtimeabout10-20 minutesandcompressivestrength5-15MPa after28days moist-curing at 23° C. or after 8-14 hours moist-curing at 75°-85° C. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Inthedrawings: FIG. 1 illustrates therrnogravimetric analysis of the weightlossofzeoliteduringcalcination;and FIG. 2 illustrates X-ray diffraction analysis of ettringite formation in the zeolite-lime-calcium sulphate-sodium sul phate-watersystem. DESCRIPTION OF THE HVVENTION The use of natural or synthetic zeolites as the major component in the production of lightweight concrete prod ucts and binding materials is described hereinbelow. Zeolites are framework aluminosilicates; their structures consistofathree-dimensionalframeworkofSiO4andA104 tetrahedra. Compositionally, zeolites may be given the gen eralformula: 65 whereM" isusuallyNaorK;M2+isMg,Ca,orFe. 20 25 30 35 40 45PDF Image | ZEOLITE-BASED LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE PRODUCTS
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