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28 Table 1 The properties of working fluids. R717 R134a M.-H. Yang, R.-H. Yeh / Renewable Energy 68 (2014) 25e34 outlet temperatures. The overall heat transfer coefficient of the heat R245fa R152a R600a 0.0945 0.0153 0.0902 0.0165 568.09 5.995 554.02 8.454 exchanger of ORC is defined by U1⁄41(7) Thermal conductivity 10.7C Liquid Vapor 22.3C Liquid Vapor (W/m- C) 0.5271 0.0873 0.0926 0.1042 0.0244 0.0125 0.01195 0.0131 0.4932 0.08239 0.089 0.0991 0.0258 0.0136 0.0127 0.0145 ð1=hoÞ þ ðAo=htÞ þ ðAo=AiÞð1=hiÞ where ho and hi are the heat transfer coefficients of working fluid Density (kg/m3) 10.7C Liquid 623.65 1258.5 1376.5 934.42 Vapor 4.982 20.693 5.021 11.92 22.3C Liquid 606.8 1216.8 1345.8 906.26 Vapor 7.194 29.81 7.77 17.05 and seawater, respectively. A represents the total outside surface o area of the tubes. In the evaporator, the dimensional empirical expression for nucleate boiling is introduced to calculate the nucleate-boiling heat transfer coefficient of the working-fluid side [21]. system, cold and warm seawater pumps are installed to supply heating and cooling sources to maintain the power cycle. Fig. 1(b) presents the temperature and entropy relationship of the ORC system in an OTEC plant. The three wet fluids analyzed in this study, which have negative slopes of saturation curve in the Te s diagram, are R134a, R152a, and R717. In the turbine outlet, the wet fluids saturate with little liquid mixing. In this study, R245fa and R600a are dry fluids with a positive slope of the saturation vapor line, as shown in Fig. 2. After the expansion process, the dry fluids transform into superheated gases. Subsequently, the low-pressure superheated gases are cooled back down to saturated liquids in the condenser. In the evaporator, the heat flow rate is calculated as Qeva 1⁄4 mrði2 i1Þ (1) where i1, i2 are the enthalpies of the working fluid at the inlets of the evaporator and the turbine, respectively. In the turbine, the power output from the working fluid can be shown as t condenser. In the condenser, the heat flow rate is expressed as Qcon 1⁄4 mrði3 i4Þ (3) The power consumed by the working fluid pump can be calcu- lated as h 1⁄4 55Pr0:120:4343 lnðRPÞð0:4343 ln Pr Þ0:55M0:5ðqÞ0:67 orr (8) where M is molecular weight of the working fluid, q is the heat flux of the tube, and Rp is set to 1.0 mm for surface roughness of the tube. The heat transfer coefficient of the water side of the heat exchanger can be calculated by the correlation of DittuseBoelter for 6000PDF Image | Analysis of optimization in an OTEC plant using ORC
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