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World Energy Council 2013 Cost of Energy Technologies The information below refers only to generation of electricity, and does not present the total cost of supply, i.e. transmission and distribution costs which can often account for a signifi- cant share of these total supply costs. Globally coal is still the king of electricity production, accounting for over 1.8 terawatts of installed generation capacity. Electricity production from fossil fuels – coal, gas and oil – makes up roughly 65% of global power generation, but in 2012 net investment in renew- able power capacity outpaced that of fossil fuel generation for the second year in a row (USD228bn for renewables versus USD148bn for additional fossil fuel generation).1 Figure 1 Global nameplate installed electricity capacity versus net generation, 2011 Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance (renewables), EIA (coal, gas, liquids), PRIS (nuclear). Nuclear capacity includes only operational plants, not those defined by the IAEA as being in long-term shutdown. Note: net generation for ‘central producers’ as defined by the EIA Other renewables 0.1% PV 1.8% Geothermal 0.2% Biomass 1.9% Total: 5,161 GW Total: 20,726 bn KWh Other renewables 0.1% Oil 0.2% PV 0.5% Geothermal 0.4% Biomass 3.3% Oil 7.3% Wind 5.2% Nuclear 7.1% Hydro 18.2% Gas 22.6% Coal 35.6% Wind 2.8% Nuclear 13.1% Hydro 15.7% Gas 18% Coal 46% Capacity Generation However the global share of generation output from renewable technologies is expected to rise from roughly what was 23% in 2010 to around 34% in 2030. Clean energy investments have risen strongly over the past decade, growing seven fold from 2004 to 2011. Wind and solar will continue to dominate. Wind (on and offshore) is projected to rise from 5% in 2012 to 17% of installed capacity by 2030, overtaking large-hydro. Starting from a lower base, solar PV capacity should grow from 2% in 2012 to16% by 2030. A significant amount of this growth is due to the projected decrease in the costs of these technologies – especially for PV – which will see it become cost competitive with conventional sources of power in several markets. This is particularly the case in regions with good solar resources and high power costs (pre subsidy), such as the Middle East. Other renewable sources, such as marine, geothermal and solar thermal, benefit from being more controllable, but will make a smaller contribution than wind and solar due to their higher costs and more limited resources. In spite of the growth in renewable capacity, fossil-fuel generation capacity will grow in abso- lute terms in all scenarios, although its relative contribution will fall from 67% in 2012 to 40–45% by 2030. The growth in coal capacity will slow significantly due to the imposition of carbon pricing schemes and local environmental concerns, especially in terms of air quality. Gas will 1 Bloomberg New Energy Finance/UNEP, Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment, 2013 9PDF Image | Cost of Energy Technologies
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