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World Energy Council 2013 Cost of Energy Technologies Crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV with tracking Tracking systems are used for projects on sites with high levels of direct sunlight. Gains to the project’s capacity factor significantly outweigh the additional expense of the system when sited appropriately, and can subsequently lower the LCOEs. For this analysis we assume the utilisa- tion of a duel axis tracking system which brings the maximum capacity factors up for a given project to just under 30%. Due to a lack of significant detailed information about the types of mountings utilised for tracking plants globally we have based these figures on premiums over PV without tracking, both in terms of the O&M and CAPEX required and the additional capacity gained for each scenario. This means that LCOEs for all regions are ranked similarly to those without tracking but are generally lower due to higher capacity factors. Table 5 Levelised cost of PV with tracking by region Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance Note: *the given range is an average scenario and does not reflect actual maximum and minimum values Western Europe 2.37–5.03 40,050–99,900 18–29 90–397 Tracking systems bring in additional costs of around USD500,000/MW due to the equipment required. The cost breakdown also shifts due to higher O&M costs, meaning that proportion- ally O&M makes up a higher part of the LCOE for tracking systems than for fixed mounting systems. Table 6 Levelised cost of PV with tracking by region Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance Note: *the given range is an average scenario and does not reflect actual maximum and minimum values Western Europe 1.60–4.53 26,700–66,600 15–20 99–412 Thin film Current large-scale thin-film plants bear many of the same cost and performance charac- teristics of c-Si projects, with some products garnering a 1–2% capacity factor advantage in certain climates. Thin film modules currently price at a discount to multicrystalline, coming in at USD0.54/W. Operating costs and all-in CAPEX are largely the same after recent price declines and performance improvements for crystalline silicon modules have led to a conver- gence. Thin film was originally developed as an alternative to crystalline silicon panels at a time when silicon costs were significantly higher than current market prices. As a result, thin film panels are now priced very similarly to crystalline panels and in a commoditised and well developed supply market, USD/MW CAPEX costs and LCOEs should be very much in line. Geography CAPEX (USDm/MW) OPEX (USD/MW/yr) Capacity factor (%) LCOE (USD/MWh) US 3.21–6.21 58,725–126,450 16–27 139–449 Geography CAPEX (USDm/MW) OPEX (USD/MW/yr) Capacity factor (%) LCOE (USD/MWh) US 2.70–5.71 39,150–84,300 13–22 145–446 21PDF Image | Cost of Energy Technologies
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