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22 Cost of Energy Technologies World Energy Council 2013 Cost estimates for the LCOE ranges are based largely on those for crystalline silicon plants. Estimates for Asia & Oceania were excluded due to a lack of data for that region. Concentrated PV (CPV) While still in its infancy a new application of PV is emerging in certain markets with high levels of direct sunlight. Concentrated PV concentrates light into small spots using lenses or mirrors, reducing the area of actual PV cells required to produce power. Currently only about 130MW of projects are operable globally, but around another 700MW are in the pipeline. Price indications show that at suitable sites LCOEs are still higher than duel-axis tracking, but that costs should decline over the next two years to a point where it is competitive at appropriate locations. Solar thermal Solar thermal electricity generation (STEG), also referred to as concentrated solar power (CSP), consists of a suite of technologies at varying stages of development and deploy- ment that typically use concentrated solar light to produce steam, either directly or via a heat transfer liquid, which then powers a steam turbine. Spain and the US are the dominant markets for these technologies and account for approximately 4GW of the just over 5GW installed or financed globally. Behind these two leaders are China and India, which com- bined have financed just over 500MW of projects. Due to the lack of true global deployment our scenarios for STEG consist of two “regions”, one that is a grouping of estimates for projects in China and India and the other is for developed markets, which includes the US, Europe and Australia. Compared to PV, solar thermal is a newer solar generation technology that generates elec- tricity by capturing the sun’s thermal radiation as opposed to through photovoltaic cells. There are multiple sub classes of STEG plants, but currently parabolic trough plants are the most widely deployed, followed by tower and heliostat plants. The economics of solar ther- mal make it nearly three times as expensive as conventional coal and gas and on average 50% more expensive on a MWh basis than PV. A 2012 analysis suggested that wider deploy- ment over the ten year period to 2022 would likely result in parabolic trough with storage cost reductions to between USD120–150/MWh – versus the current level of nearly USD300/MWh. Financing activity for thermal plants peaked in 2011 when both Spain and the United States had support mechanisms in place to spur development. After those programs ran their course investment dropped off and has yet to recover. Thus far in 2013 only one project has confirmed financing, a 35MW parabolic trough plant in Chile. As a result of slow financing volumes in a post-subsidy environment it is currently difficult to pinpoint developments in levelised costs for the technologies.PDF Image | Cost of Energy Technologies
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