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World Energy Council 2013 Cost of Energy Technologies Figure 8 Levelised cost of solar thermal electricity over time, developed market average (USD/MWh) Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance 400 300 200 100 0 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Parabolic LFR Trough Parabolic trough Parabolic w/Storage Tower & Heliostat Tower w/Storage Parabolic trough is the most mature of the thermal technologies, accounting for 3.8GW glob- ally. Spain and the US play host to the most important trough markets, but China and India are both developing and financing a number of plants. India’s Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission scheme spurred a significant number of financings in India in 2011. In China, there is a strategy to develop domestic solar thermal technologies, which is underpinned a strong pipeline of 500MW worth of projects that were either announced or financed last year. The solar field component is the largest contributor to total plant CAPEX. The remainder of the capital costs are split between the heat transfer fluid (HTF) and the powerblock. Indirect costs such as project development and large cost contingency buffers are also key drivers of LCOEs for solar thermal projects and account for a large part of the required investment. Parabolic trough plants have been bankable, but almost exclusively when they have also secured access to credit enhancements or low cost finance from government banks and lending schemes. Parabolic trough plants can be coupled with thermal storage equipment that is able to hold heat for around six hours. The addition of a thermal energy storage (TES) system increases the CAPEX of a plant but also drives up the capacity factor significantly, sometimes to 45–50%. Due to a 50MW size limit on plants in Spain, 62% of that country’s parabolic trough plants are coupled with storage as result of developers seeking to maximise their returns. One of the key economic values of storage is that it allows solar thermal to be dispatchable and removes some of the intermittency issues that affect other renewable technologies – a characteristic that is not effectively captured by levelised cost analysis. Projects in India and China have significantly lower LCOEs both due to lower equipment costs and lower O&M figures. There is a lack of significant development experience in these countries and it remains to be seen if projects in the pipeline are able to come in at budget or if cost overruns are a major problem. Parabolic trough LCOEs are still quite high and can top USD450–500/MWh versus USD165/MWh for PV. 23PDF Image | Cost of Energy Technologies
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