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24 Geography Type CAPEX (USDm/MW) OPEX (USD/MW/yr) Capacity factor (%) LCOE (USD/MWh) China & India No storage 3.08–4.55 44,000– 45,000 24–28 123–248 Geography Type CAPEX (USDm/MW) OPEX (USD/MW/yr) Capacity factor (%) LCOE (USD/MWh) with storage 6.00–8.66 70,403– 117,313 42–64 105–317 Cost of Energy Technologies World Energy Council 2013 Table 7 Levelised cost of parabolic trough by region Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance Note: *the given range is a average scenario range and does not reflect actual maximum and minimum values Spain, US & Australia No storage with storage 3.42–7.67 6.00–10.96 63,340– 24–28 59,907 61,574– 28–42 63,700 201–490 156–469 Tower and heliostat There are currently 775MW worth of financed or commissioned tower and heliostat plants globally, versus about 3.8GW of parabolic trough. The plants are spread across a number of markets including the US and Spain but also smaller markets such as Morocco, Saudi Arabia, India, China and South Africa. Tower and heliostat plants use a field of focused mirrors to concentrate light on a central receiver tower in which a heat transfer liquid is circulated, capturing thermal energy. There are varying plant designs and developers choose to utilise two different methods of heat transfer, with some choosing to use the concentrated solar light to boil steam directly and others using a molten salt fluid as a means of transferring heat to boil water. The heliostat field and power block are the largest direct cost contributors to LCOE, together making up almost 40% of the USD/MWh cost. Indirect costs including contingencies, ser- vices and other non-equipment costs account for nearly 26% of the end LCOE. The addition of a thermal storage system using molten salt has a similar effect on LCOEs as with parabolic trough plants. The addition of a system can provide around six hours of heat storage at an additional CAPEX cost that is offset by a corresponding increase in plant capacity factor that results in lowered LCOEs. A six hour molten salt storage unit accounts for around 6% of the total LCOE, with all other costs remaining essentially the same as a plant without thermal storage. Table 8 Levelised cost of tower and heliostat by region Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance Note: *the given range is a average scenario range and does not reflect actual maximum and minimum values Spain, US & Australia No storage 4.08–6.12 68,265– 21–32 167–399 64,714PDF Image | Cost of Energy Technologies
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