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Figure 2.1: On-shore Wind Potential (mtoe*) Figure 2.2: Off-shore Wind Potential (mtoe) Source: Buys et al (2007). The ‘high’ scenario assumes technical feasibility at 2007 wind rotor density for Germany – world leader in 2005 – in terms of installed wind energy capacity; ‘Low’ scenario assumes 60 percent of Germany’s density. * Mtoe: stands for million tons of oil equivalent. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 High Low 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 High Low Figure 2.3: Wind Speeds in Africa at an Altitude of 50 m Source: AfDB, 2004 A study undertaken by the African Development Bank to create a wind atlas for Africa also revealed significant potential on the continent (AfDB, 2004). This study produced a quantitative map of wind speeds on the continent (Figure 2.3) simulated using the Wind Energy Simulation Toolkit (WEST)7 model at an altitude of 50 meters and a resolution of 50 km. Results demonstrated that the best wind in Africa is found in the coastal regions of the continent: in the North (Algeria, Egypt, Morocco Tunisia and Mauritania), the East (Djibouti, Eritrea, Seychelles and Somalia), West (Cape Verde) and South (South Africa and Lesotho). Notably, this study identifies wind potential in some countries not identified by Buys et al in 2007, highlighting the need for further work to establish accurate data on wind energy resources on the continent. Wind Speed at 50 m (m/s) 7.5 and higher 7.0 to 7.5 6.5 to 7.0 6.0 to 6.5 5.0 to 6.0 4.0 to 5.0 Less than 4.0 In general though, sources show that the highest wind potential exists in coastal areas, which tend also to have both on-shore and off-shore potential (Figure 2.3). With the exception of countries like Chad and Ethiopia, whose topographies give rise to high speed winds in certain high altitude areas, the rest of mainland (land-locked) Africa’s wind intensity is too low to be harnessed for electric power generation. 7 The Wind Energy Simulation Toolkit (WEST) is a dynamic three-dimensional model of wind circulation on a horizontal plane which integrates physical phenomena such as radiation and condensation and parametric analyses of effects such as turbulence and convention (AfDB, 2004). 3 Somalia Sudan Libya Mauritania Egypt Madagasc... Kenya Chad Ethiopia Cape Verde Tunisia Morocco South... Mozambi... Tanzania Angola Namibia Seychelles Congo Congo,... Mauritius Comoros Somalia Sudan Libya Mauritania Egypt Madagascar Kenya Chad Ethiopia Cape Verde Tunisia Morocco South Africa Mozambique Tanzania Angola Namibia Seychelles Congo Congo,... Mauritius ComorosPDF Image | Development of Wind Energy in Africa
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