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Despite the high wind energy potential in some African countries, wind powered electricity generation is still very limited, with an estimated 1.1 GW installed capacity in 2011. Notably, wind-based electricity contributes less than 1 percent to installed electricity generation capacity on the continent. This share falls below that for OECD countries (3.8 percent) and for non-OECD emerging markets (1.1 percent). Among developing countries, Africa’s wind energy potential is comparable to that of Latin America and the Caribbean. While the installed capacity for wind in Africa is expected to increase twelvefold over the next decade, in line with global trends in renewable energy development and technological innovations, the contribution of wind energy to Africa’s electricity generation mix will remain very limited as illustrated by Figure 2.4. A similar trend is expected for Latin America whose current capacity falls below that observed in Africa. According to the International Energy Agency’s projections (2010) wind energy is expected to contribute only 2% of generated electricity in Africa by 2030 under a business as usual scenario, as compared to other conventional energy sources like coal (37%), gas (32%) and hydro (18%); and relative to a global share of nearly 5% of total electricity generation capacity. Wind installed capacity in Africa is not only small – both in absolute terms measured by installed capacity, and relative terms as measured by its contribution to the energy mix – but has also been highly concentrated with 3 countries (Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia) holding about 96% of total installed capacity as at end-2011. Further details about this market feature are provided in the next section. Figure 2.4: Historic, Current and Projected Trend of Africa’s Electricity Generation Mix 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1990 2008 2015 2020 2030 2035 Geothermal Solar PV Wind Nuclear Biomass & waste Oil Hydro Gas Coal Source: International Energy Agency 2010 4PDF Image | Development of Wind Energy in Africa
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