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3.0 Mapping Wind Energy Projects in Africa In this section we first take a historic perspective on wind energy development in Africa to provide stylized facts on the industry and its funding sources, then analyze the market’s outlook. Inevitably, there is a strong focus on market leaders including analyses of specific policies, strategies and financing instruments adopted in these countries to develop the market. We use a hand collected sample of 94 wind energy projects, compiled from various data sources including the AfDB’s project portfolio, Thomson One database, the Wind Power database, the Global Energy Observatory, research papers and various websites as detailed in the References section. Our sample is comprehensive with a near full list of completed projects in Africa between 1980 and 2010; and an extensive, though non- exhaustive, list of ongoing and planned projects8. 3.1 The Profile of Wind Energy Projects Based on the individual capacity of projects we identified, Africa’s installed wind energy capacity increased twelvefold between 1995 and 2010 (Figure 3.1), with most of the growth taking place starting early 2000. Notably, between 2000 and 2010, Africa’s installed wind capacity grew at a rate of 41%; much faster than the average global growth rate of 27%. Africa’s great performance is a reflection of the embryonic nature of the African market characterized by limited initial capacity. Indeed, Africa’s growth rate between 2000 and 2010 is very similar to the one reported for other regions during their early stages of market development (i.e. 35% over the period of 1995-2000). Figure 3.1: Installed Wind Capacity in Africa A distribution of projects based on their location and stage of development is provided in Figure 3.2 and Figure 3.3. Out of the 94 projects identified, about a third (30) is completed. Of the completed projects, 93% came on stream after 2000, which is consistent with the nascent nature of this market on the continent. Our database also shows a high concentration of installed wind capacity, with 73% of completed projects located in 3 North African countries – Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia – which collectively account for 96% of total installed capacity at end-2010. Egypt leads this market, contributing 33% of total completed projects and 50% of total installed capacity on the continent. Egypt is 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Annual capacity Cumulative capacity Source: Authors’ analysis followed by Morocco which accounts for 30% of total completed projects and 41% of total installed capacity. Tunisia has three completed projects, all located at Sidi Daoud, with a total installed capacity of 54 MW (about 5% of Africa’s installed capacity). In southern Africa, Namibia, Mauritius, Mozambique and South Africa already have installed wind energy capacity. So far, South Africa has an installed capacity of only 9 MW. In East Africa, two small projects have been completed; one in Kenya 8 ‘Ongoing’ projects are defined as projects for which construction activities have commenced while ‘planned’ projects are those in the pre-construction phase. 5 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Capacity (MW)PDF Image | Development of Wind Energy in Africa
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