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Interestingly, concentration is reported for ongoing and planned projects as well with three countries – Egypt, Morocco and South Africa – collectively contributing about 75% of the total number of projects either ongoing or planned (or 83% of total capacity) on the continent. This is due to, among other factors, a stronger political commitment to renewable energy from what are comparatively energy- intensive countries and the high electricity access rates that already exist in these countries (see section 4.2). It is worth noting that the bulk of Africa’s completed projects are located either in coastal areas, or sit on islands. The exception is Kenya, which has its largest potential inland around the Lake Turkana highlands whilst having significant coastal potential as well. Both its pilot facility and planned projects are located inland. The wind farms in Algeria, Nigeria and Tanzania are also located inland. The small size of the African wind market documented earlier reflects not only the limited number of wind farms but also the small scale nature of the projects. The individual capacity of most projects in Africa, whether completed, ongoing or planned, remains small and broadly ranges between 1 MW and 100 MW (Figure 3.5). Only 3 completed projects have installed capacity exceeding 100 MW (Zafarana VI and VIII in Egypt and Tangier in Morocco). Notably, most of the larger wind farms have been implemented in phases whereby the individual project sizes generally fall within the abovementioned range. For example, the Zafarana and Gulf of Zayt wind farms in Egypt consist of 8 and 7 separate projects respectively, whereas the Touahar wind farm in Morocco is made up of 3 individual projects. Each individual project in the aforementioned examples may be unique in terms of project sponsors, sources of funding and sometimes the technology used. There is however an increasing trend in the size of projects being implemented. For instance, while only 3 completed projects have installed capacity exceeding 100 MW, half of ongoing and planned projects have capacity greater than 100 MW. No pilot projects were identified in our sample of ongoing and planned projects, which comprise only of commercial scale wind farms (Table 3.1). This suggests either progress toward maturity of the market, or transferability of technologies already tested on the continent. Figure 3.5: Distribution of Projects by Installed Capacity Table 3.1: Projects’ Capacity by Stage of Development (MW) Installed Completed Ongoing Planned9 Capacity Total 1,104 1,731 10,907 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 < 1 Source: Authors’ analysis Planned Ongoing Completed Number of Projects Range Mean Median Standard Deviation 0.2 – 140 37 25 5 – 300 108 95 86 10 – 5,000 227 110 701 1 - 100 Installed Capacity (MW) > 500 40 Source: Authors’ analysis 101 - 200201 - 300301 - 400401 - 500 9 The sample includes the planned 5,000MW Sahara Wind Project, whose planned capacity is an outlier. Excluding this project, average capacity of planned project drops to 126 MW. The Sahara Wind Project is an ambitious project aimed at generating electricity to supply Europe and the Mediterranean region via high voltage Direct Current transmission lines that will run from North Africa to Europe as well as other targeted markets. The project has already attracted interest from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), among other global leaders in the energy sector, but is still a long way from being realized. 7PDF Image | Development of Wind Energy in Africa
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