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business in the two countries. However, more needs to be done to boost the industry. Policy makers not only need to focus on ways in which international technology providers could be attracted to the continent but also focus on taking advantage of regional and intra-continental economies of scale and encourage skills and technology transfer through partnerships between local firms and established global manufacturers (IRENA, 2013). Local content in a wind turbine manufacturing industry that is well integrated with the local supply chain creates jobs and enhances capacity for local companies to become more innovative and competitive. Studies have demonstrated that local production of wind energy components could reduce system costs by 25% in the long term (Razavi, 2012). 3.4 Financing of Wind Energy Projects in Africa In this section we discuss trends in project costs and funding sources. Project costs are interesting in understanding industry development because they give an indication of both the resource needs per unit of installed capacity, and signal affordability of wind technologies in Africa as well as the level of maturity of the market. Project costs do not solely depend on installed capacity, but also on the project’s location, the requisite off-take infrastructure and general costs of doing business. Therefore for meaningful conclusions to be drawn from the cost analyses one needs to look at disaggregated cost data at individual project level. This information was not available to us on a large enough sample size to conduct this assessment. From the aggregated cost data11 some broad observations can be made. Total project costs range from as low as USD 0.5 million (the cost of the small pilot at Rodrigues Island in Mauritius), to USD 900 million – the cost of Morocco’s largest planned wind farm, the 300MW Al Koudia Al baida II Wind Farm. As expected, the cost of projects has increased over time (Figure 3.7). About a third of the projects, both completed and planned, for which cost statistics were available, are small, costing less than USD 50 million (Figure 3.8). Figure 3.7: Trend in Total Project Costs Figure 3.8: Distribution of Total Project Costs 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1980 1990 Project completion year (actual or expected) 2000 2010 2020 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 0 200 400 Project cost, USD million 600 800 1000 Source: Authors’ analysis Source: Authors’ analysis 11 From the list of compiled projects, aggregated data on project cost was available for 65 projects (29 completed, 14 ongoing and 22 planned). 12 Project Cost, USD million FrequencyPDF Image | Development of Wind Energy in Africa
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