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performed numerous small gas turbine simple and combined cycle installations. The sCO2 power cycle is a compact, closed loop system requiring minimal operational and maintenance support. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs are projected to be significantly lower for the sCO2 system compared to the steam system. For HRSG systems, a large com-ponent of O&M cost is water quality and associated chemical treatment for feedwater supply and condensate return systems which can adversely impact system availability, hardware reliability and its ability to tolerate peaking (cycling) operation (13-16). By contrast, CO2 is a clean, non-scaling, non-fouling, and provided it is maintained in a dry condition, it is non-corrosive with the associated lesser maintenance costs. Consequently, the number of personnel required to maintain a sCO2 system will be greatly reduced because technicians will not be needed for water quality and treatment support functions typically found in a steam-based power plant. Finally, the growing trend to operate CCGT plants on an as-needed, cyclical basis can cause severe HRSG hardware damage and premature life due to thermal fatigue and flow-assisted corrosion in boiler and superheater tube bundles. Cyclical operation can also cause turbine blade erosion due to water droplet carryover in the low-pressure stage of the condensing steam turbines which are typically installed with HRSGs for power generation. Because supercritical CO2 is a single-phase working fluid, it does not require the heat input for phase change from water to steam and does not create the associated thermal fatigue or corrosion associated due to two-phase flow within the system components. The compact equipment set and advanced controls give the EPS100 a fast startup time (approximately 20 minutes to full power), enabling application in peaking duty. Levelized Cost of Electricity – the key performance metric Ultimately, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is the most important parameter for comparison because it appropriately accounts for all equipment, installation and operating/maintenance costs over the lifetime of the system installation. Based on the approach described by Can Gulen (17), we have calculated the LCOE for several different equipment configurations, using a 22 MWe LM2500 stationary gas turbine as the primary power generator with either a steam or sCO2-based heat recovery system on the turbine exhaust: • Simple cycle gas turbine (SC) • Combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) with two-pressure HRSG bottoming cycle and wet-cooling (Steam wet) • CCGT with two-pressure HRSG bottoming cycle and air (dry) cooling (Steam dry) 9PDF Image | Echogen Power Systems SCO2
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