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2.0 BIOMASS CHP TECHNOLOGIES A completely commercial and reliable technology exists for using biomass for combined heat and power. It is used in large-scale plants and is based on the steam-driven Rankine cycle with biomass energy used to make steam to run a turbine generator. Unfortunately, for small community systems, steam-based biomass CHP generation in North America is only economical at large-scale facilities generating in excess of 10 MWe. There is a variety of reasons for the large-scale limitation, the principal one being boiler/steam (these types of plants utilize high temperature, high pressure steam) legislation that requires an on-site power engineer at all times resulting in unacceptably high labour costs for smaller facilities. Figure 1 - Rankine Cycle for Power Generation There is a potential market for small-scale systems, especially CHP whereby revenue can be generated from both power production and heat utilization. In Canada, a commonly used guideline is that there are at least 300 communities not connected to a major electricity grid and there are also numerous industrial sites (e.g. sawmills) that produce enough biomass residues to warrant on-site power generation. The potential for small-scale biomass CHP is highlighted by several initiatives to support development of plants, including a BC Bioenergy Network supported initiative in Kwadacha, BC and the Manitoba Hydro Biomass Optimization Program supported by NRCan. However, at the current stages of development, the challenges of deploying largely unproven small-scale systems in remote communities seem insurmountable. One has to consider that for remote communities reliability and dependability are critical and technical support is not usually readily available. Furthermore, the viability of relatively “new” small-scale power generation technologies cannot be determined based solely on the claims of the technology suppliers. Some sort of criteria is necessary to establish viability, i.e., a proven track record. The other factor which comes into play is economics. It is difficult to carry out a financial assessment for a new CHP project while it is essentially still under development as the costs of new technology demonstrations are much higher than for proven systems. How does one decide if a system is proven? What is the “number of operating units” required in order to establish true 6PDF Image | Evaluation of Commercially Available Small Scale Biomass Electrical Generation Technologies Appropriate to the Yukon
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