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furthermore, water-based systems generate a significant amount of contaminated water which then needs to be treated. Tar reduction is really a matter of cost. Technologies exist (e.g. cryogenic conditioning) to completely eliminate tar. The real challenge is to carry out the required tar reduction in a cost effective manner without creating additional problems. This is the principal reason that there are few suppliers of commercial small-scale gasifier-based CHP systems. In addition to proper gasification and syngas cleaning technology, maintaining steady- state conditions and a homogeneous feedstock are critical for long term trouble-free operation. Community Power Corporation Community Power Corporation (CPC), based in Littleton, Colorado, offers 25 kWe and 100 kWe units designated “BioMax”. BioMax units comprise a downdraft gasifier with dry syngas filtering with overall electrical efficiency >20%. CPC claims unit availability (uptime) of around 80%. CPC claims 33 installations handling a variety of biomass feedstocks. In Canada, Alberta Innovates and Manitoba Hydro have purchased BioMax50 and BioMax100 systems respectively. Operators of these units claim that even though the units ship in standard containers (5 containers for the BioMax100) assembly and operation of the biomass handling system requires considerable attention. The units are also reported to require considerable attention for any significant variation in fuel properties. Further assessment is required as even though a significant number of units have been deployed, most of them have been supported by the US government. With these caveats the BioMax units are deserving of consideration for the Yukon. http://www.gocpc.com/ The Yukon Energy Haines Junction FEED, prepared by Stantec Consulting Ltd., summarized some issues identified by CPC on an installation in the Yukon: - “Long-term bioenergy system reliability and availability (downtime) have not yet been - confirmed in a remote, cold climate community. Impact of cold climate is not yet known on system performance - Operation and maintenance costs need to be verified - Sustainable biomass harvesting plan needs to be confirmed - Impact of biomass variability on system performance needs to be confirmed (biomass - type, heating value, cleanliness, moisture content, etc.) - Requirements for and impact of permitting and environmental performance requirements - are not fully understood - Availability of local operators with appropriate maintenance skills” Spanner Re2 GMBH/Borealis Wood Power In 2004 Spanner Group, an automotive parts manufacturer in Germany, acquired a gasifier technology and created a subsidiary, Spanner Re2, to develop and market a small gasification- based CHP system. The CHP system is based on a small fixed bed downdraft gasifier with syngas cooling, tar reforming and a fabric filter. Feedstock uniformity is emphasized in this system with limits for moisture content (<20%) and a fines removal system as part of the feed system. In 2013 the company had over 150 units in operation in the 30 to 45 kWe range (+70-120 kWth heat). Spanner Re2 reports over 25,000 hours of engine time (GM 5.7 L V8) for the initial units installed in 2009. The units are installed mainly in Germany, with some in northern Italy and Austria. Units are installed in small businesses e.g., farms, sawmills, agricultural industries with 11PDF Image | Evaluation of Commercially Available Small Scale Biomass Electrical Generation Technologies Appropriate to the Yukon
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