Evaluation of Commercially Available Small Scale Biomass Electrical Generation Technologies Appropriate to the Yukon

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Evaluation of Commercially Available Small Scale Biomass Electrical Generation Technologies Appropriate to the Yukon ( evaluation-commercially-available-small-scale-biomass-electr )

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2.3 Brayton Cycle Figure 5 - Basics of the Brayton Cycle The Brayton cycle uses an external heat source, such as biomass combustion, to heat compressed air in an indirect air/air heat exchanger. This compressed, heated air (or other gas) is then expanded through a turbine connected to a generator. The use of an indirect heat exchanger means that the turbine is exposed only to air and hence avoids corrosion or erosion problems. The crux of these systems is that in order to achieve efficiencies in the 16–19% range very high air temperatures are required and heat exchanger-metal temperatures exceeding 1,100 C are required. The heat-exchanger design and its durability are thus critical factors for these types of systems and account for the relatively scarce projects in this area. In general, the technology is not considered to be well-proven. On the positive side, because the turbine is not subject to any flue gas interactions any type of biomass fuel is suitable, subject of course to furnace design. AgriPower Inc AgriPower has developed a single 125 kWe external Brayton cycle engine that produces 125 kWe gross. This system is being deployed in New York and the company is operating a 250 kWe test unit in California. Since the unit is based on external combustion with no water or working fluid beyond air, engines are expected to meet safety regulations without major challenges. Entropic Energy Entropic Energy, based in Port Coquitlam, BC is developing two engines, an entropic cycle engine based on a modified ORC with a heat recuperator and a hybrid Brayton cycle engine that uses high humidity air as the working fluid to increase specific heat in the working fluid. Neither system has reached the commercial stage. Entropic Energy is pursuing demonstration units for both designs in the 100 kWe range. 18

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