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Particulates: Very small solid airborne particles. A source of air pollution that can result from biomass combustion. Producer gas: A mixture of flammable gases (principally carbon monoxide and hydrogen) and nonflammable gases (mainly nitrogen and carbon dioxide) made by the gasification of carbonaceous substances, e.g., biomass Pyrolysis: The oxidation process by which solid wood is converted to intermediate combustible gases and combustible solids through a variety of thermo-chemical reactions. Refractory: A material resistant to high temperatures that is used to line combustion chambers in order to reflect heat back to the fire and to keep furnace temperatures steady. Rotary airlock: A device used to pass solids such as incoming fuel or fly ash from a multi-cyclone without passing air. Can be used to prevent burnback or the introduction of boiler room air into the exhaust gases through a multi-cyclone. Simple payback: A method of economic analysis in which cost effectiveness is based on installed cost and first-year savings. Also refers to the number of years it takes an improvement to pay back the investment, computed by dividing the installed cost by the first-year energy savings. Sizing: The process of specifying the size (measured in kW or MW) of a heating plant. SOx: Oxides of sulfur. Air pollutants implicated in acid rain caused by combustion of fossil fuels. Modern wood systems have 1/6 the sulfur dioxide emissions of fuel oil. Stack: The chimney of a combustion system. Stack emissions: The components of the hot combustion gases (including particulates) exiting from the stack. Stoker: An auger or other device for feeding solid fuel into the combustion zone. Syngas – a synthetic, combustible gas produced from gasification composed mainly of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane. Syngas is sometimes used interchangeably to denote producer gas. Tar - a dark, thick, flammable liquid consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons, resins, alcohols, and other compounds. Tars are produced during biomass gasification as vapours but can have significant negative effects on system operation as condensation and deposition of tars at temperatures below 350 ̊C can lead to fouling and potential blockage of downstream equipment and piping. Thermal efficiency: The ratio of output energy to input energy when the combustion system is running under design conditions Turn-down ratio: An index of the range over which efficient combustion can be achieved by a biomass burner. Calculated by dividing the maximum system output by the minimum output at 33PDF Image | Evaluation of Commercially Available Small Scale Biomass Electrical Generation Technologies Appropriate to the Yukon
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