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Thermal evaporation of 15 nm of Chromium as an adhesion layer and 250 nm of Gold were applied to offer a baseline rough metal surface (above at left). Subsequently, the wafer was diced into 10mm x 10mm dies for small scale experiments. Initially, annealing was performed by using a high Roughness analysis of stripped Au surfaces temperature flame (right) with the sample held in an inert gas purged glass envelope. Following this an electric heat annealing setup was devised utilizing a PID controller for more accurate ramp and hold temperature profiles. Annealing temperatures and times varied from 550 – 650°C and 60 – 240 s, respectively. Hexane 500hrs Water 500hrs Acetone 500hrs Ethanol 500hrs Air (Control) Evaporated Film Annealed Film 10x Mag 13.66 nm 20.99 nm 51.99 nm 16.3 nm 3.13 nm 50x Mag 20.45 nm 31.25 nm 40.30 nm 11.36 nm *0.69 nm 2.61 nm 0.76 nm (AFM) (AFM) Long term aging of above described films and template stripped films are summarized in the table at left reporting roughness in nanometers. We see that after immersion in various environments for 500 hours at 20°C, the roughness is reported and better understanding of process damage is gained. Exploration into a soft top contact for the delicate self-assembled monolayer has lead to innovations in printing of conductive nanoparticles and conductive polymers. Conductivity of these AuNP (Gold Nanoparticles), AgNP (Silver Nanoparticles), and polyaniline was tested using interdigitated Figure 5 – Optical profiler z-height study of unpopulated interdigitated electrodes upon which conductivity studies were carried out. electrodes (Figure 5). The quantity of material deposited was then studied via an optical profiler and electrical measurements. A formulation of AuNP and AgNP was created for printing with off the shelf, low-cost inkjet printers. The top contacts were deposited at room temperature and ambient conditions. Furthermore, workup using electroless plating solution can permit a “hard shell” to be formed following the loose deposition of nanoparticles resulting in a more durable and stable contact. Here we also report experimentation using the previously described setup consisting of a liquid metal contact. Using porphyrin molecules as the tunnel barrier, we were able to realize a hybrid organic- inorganic tunnel junction which had improved rectification ratio and very consistent performance (Figure 6). The hybrid junction results in a sharper turn-on inflection at around 1.2V when negatively biased. 6|PagePDF Image | FESC Research, Education and Outreach Project
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