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HIGHEST SHARE OF GDP INVESTED IN RENEWABLE ENERGY URUGUAY Uruguay is a country that, other than in football, often goes unnoticed. With less than 180,000 km2 in surface area this tiny country ranks second as the smallest in South America [42]. Uruguay is neither one of the most populated (3.4 million [43]) nor the richest in the region. In 2013, its GDP was 55.7 billion US$ [30]8. However, thanks to its accomplishments in the policy arena, it is considered as one of the most ‘talented’ nations on Earth. The Economist elected it as the country of the year 2013 [44]. What makes Uruguay so special in the policy field? Uruguay is a country that has put in place path- breaking reforms that have served to improve local wellbeing, setting a precedent for other nations across the globe. During the last 10 years, Uruguay has pursued good governance, and achieved real transformational changes in education, energy, environment and inland security [45]. It has sought long-term economic stability, social inclusion and environmental sustainability for all Uruguayans. In 2008, in line with country’s development aspirations, Uruguay’s administration approved its national 2005-2030 Energy Policy strategy [46][47]9. The energy policy constituted a long-term vehicle to enhance productivity and social development, while improving and fostering industrial competitiveness, energy independence, economic and environmental sustainability, and social integration [47]. Embedded on four main strategic axes10, the energy policy defined the guidelines, timescales and various lines of action to achieve a central objective: to satisfy all national energy needs cost-effectively. Two of the priorities of Uruguay’s energy policy are to promote energy supply diversification; and to provide adequate energy access to all social sectors. The priorities reflect Uruguay’s determination to achieve a 100 per cent country electrification rate by 2015 and renewable energy supply optimality by 202011. And it is in this context that Uruguay’s government has sought to provide universal access to energy through supporting energy generation like photovoltaic electricity and solar water heating. Through its 2005-2030 Energy Policy strategy, Uruguay took leaps towards a long lasting clean future. Perhaps, in Latin America, there is no country that will achieve what Uruguay is aiming for: 100 per cent electrification; 50 per centre share of renewables in the primary energy supply; and 15 per cent power generation from modern renewables by 2015 [47]12. It has meant Uruguay is now one of countries with the highest electrification rate of the whole continent: 98.6 per cent [48]. The country is defining global trends in renewable energy investment [1]. In 2012, it ranked first in 13 the global top five countries with highest share of GDP invested in renewable energy [49] . In 2013, it ranked fourth as the country that attracted the largest absolute amount of investment in Latin America, about US$1.1 billion [1]. In 2014, it ranked first in Latin America with the fastest growth rate of clean energy investment [51]. Uruguay is indeed achieving a renewable energy transformation. The country will soon reach 40% cent of its primary energy matrix from renewables. Given the great availability of renewable resources, Uruguay is already able to cover over 80 per cent of its electricity needs from renewables [50]. 8 For comparison, in 2013, Argentina and Brazil’s GDP was US$612 billion and US$2,246 billion respectively [30]. 9 The policy was then rattified by Uruguay’s Parliament multi-parties Energy Commission in 2010 10 Viz. institutional frameworks, energy supply diversification, energy demand management and social integration. 11 “Optimality” is the accepted level of balance, based on stability and sustainability concerns, that the energy system can achieve when considering renewable and natural gas supply and energy demand management measures. 12 That is, excluding large hydros. 13 About three per cent[50] WWF | Green Energy Leaders: Latin America’s Top Countries In Renewable Energy | Page 14PDF Image | Latin Americas Top Countries In Renewable Energy
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