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MICROGRIDS: INSOURCING MORE RELIABLE ENERGY RESOURCES TO CONNECTICUT TOWNS AND CITIES FIRST DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY Decentralized Microgrids Respond Better to Cyber Security than Centralized Utility Grids Congress has also entrusted a Federal definition of smart grid standards to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FREC”) which has delegated the work to the National Institute of Standards and the Electric Power Research Institute. One key concern has been the extent to which a more digital smart grid could increase exposure to cyber-attacks. Microgrids have been emerging as a solution by which critical infrastructure could become more secure against cyber-attacks. It is much more difficult to cyber-attack multiple microgrids and it is much easier to “fire-wall” a microgrid than to protect the entire utility grid. There are Financing Options for Designing, Building, Owning, Operating Microgrids in Exchange for Agreements to Purchase Power Alternative energy development companies are in the business of designing, building, owning, operating and transferring (“DBOOT”) CHP microgrids for energy users. Typically, they will fully finance microgrids by raising funds for a Microgrid Project Finance Company. The Microgrid Project Finance Company will be a master limited partnership to secure the debt and equity financing needed to design and own the microgrid. Alternative energy development companies usually contribute the equity investment necessary to complete the design of community microgrids and thereby act as the General Partner of the master limited partnership. Under this approach communities would pay no capital costs towards the development of the Microgrid. A significant benefit of a DBOOT approach is that the Microgrid Project Finance Company can earn significant tax credits not available to communities that are non-tax paying entities. Businesses within the community can be offered an option play a role as investment partners in the master limited partnership and, thereby, earn Federal tax credits. Under the DBOOT approach, energy users in a community would enter into an “Energy Services Agreement” (“ESA”) with the Microgrid Project Finance Company to pay charges for electric, heating and cooling services. The ESA can have a term of up to 20 years and allows the master limited partnership that financed the microgrid to recover capital costs and expenditures relating to the construction of the Microgrid. After payback to the Microgrid Project Finance Company, sole ownership of the asset could transfer and vest to the community in its entirety. The Microgrid Project Finance Company would guarantee that the ESA service charges would be set at no higher than the same rates that the energy user would have paid if the Microgrid had not been implemented. This would guarantee that energy users in the community never pay more than the utility grid rates, but it does not limit the possibility that Page 10PDF Image | MICROGRIDS
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