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MICROGRIDS: INSOURCING MORE RELIABLE ENERGY RESOURCES TO CONNECTICUT TOWNS AND CITIES FIRST DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY THE DIFFICULTIES OF INTERCONNECTING MICROGRIDS WITH THE UTILITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Distributed generation cannot interconnect to medium voltage utility distribution system in the same way that telecommunications devices and computers plug-and- play with telephone exchanges and the internet or large merchant generators and even some microgrids interconnect to high-voltage transmission grids. Whether considering a telecommunications, computing or electrical network, there are differences in the degree of centralization. The most centralized topology is called a star network where all links go through the same node. On the other hand, a so-called mesh network is much more decentralized because each node is connected directly to every other node. The diagram below is a simplified illustration of the initial electric network that served US cities in the 1920s. Notice that all exchanges between each object in this network go through two star networks with the central nodes, A and B. The small "a" nodes represent electric generating facilities. The line from A to B represents high-voltage transmission wires. The B node includes a step-down transformer and a substation and the small "b" nodes are individual end users of electricity. This is too simple a representation of the current US electrical network because starting in 1927 the generation and transmission topologies were no longer purely a star network as shall be seen shortly. Page 13PDF Image | MICROGRIDS
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