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MICROGRIDS: INSOURCING MORE RELIABLE ENERGY RESOURCES TO CONNECTICUT TOWNS AND CITIES FIRST DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY THE TECHNOLOGY ISSUES Can existing distributed energy systems that could not run during the storms be retrofitted such that run safely and continuously during power outages in the future? There is substantial anecdotal evidence that during various power outages over the last three years, a number of the State’s larger existing distributed energy systems could not island within a reasonable time after grid power outages to keep their facilities working. The Summit should develop evidence about the extent to which distributed energy systems serving Bradley International Airport, Central Connecticut State College, Wesleyan College, Yale University, Fairfield University, and several hospitals and industrial facilities can provide continuous power to critical users after a grid outage. Engineering solution providers attending the summit will report on their solutions for islanding large distributed energy systems in other locations. What is the role in a microgrid of utility grid power, each type of Class 1 renewable resource, and Class 3 combined heat and power resources and how can they be optimally dispatched and controlled? The State has made a considerable investment what it calls class 1 renewable energy. In a microgrid, this would include fuel cells, building integrated solar and wind, and generation with gas or biomass from certain waste streams. The first three resources are much less useful for reliability either because they are intermittent or because they cannot efficiently follow peak loads. The use of waste gas or biomass that can follow loads has either met with community resistance or is unavailable due to long term contracts for shipping waste out of the community. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the core of any microgrid that can follow loads and provide a high-degree of reliability will be natural gas. Historically, however, certain locations have experienced gas shortages in the winter so it will be worth discussing the extent to which microgrids will be exposed to an unreliable gas network. Can a city-center microgrid be safely interconnected with a medium voltage utility distribution grid? As discussed above, the inability of distributed energy systems to interconnect and synchronize with the grid has been an impediment. The one solution accepted for use in Connecticut has not yet been implemented in a working microgrid. Engineers at the solutions summit should consider if there are other working alternatives and, if not, the extent of the risk in developing pilot projects that depend on non-synchronous interconnection. Page 25PDF Image | MICROGRIDS
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