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Engineering/technical feasibility study of using geopressurized resources. A geothermal district heating system in Kotzebue was studied in the 1980’s. That study explained that the proposed geothermal project “does not involve geothermal systems and geothermal wells as they are normally considered in geothermal exploration. That is... fault and fracture systems, influx of meteoric waters into the system, and resultant hot waters ... are not involved. Rather, this geothermal system must rely on large volumes of warm water that can be produced from a sedimentary basin where the original formation waters are trapped” (ESI, 1981b). It is the opinion of this author that utilization of geopressurized fluids, whether for heat or power, is likely to be highly problematic, for the following reasons: 1) Either those fluids would have to be piped from a distant deep well, causing transmission issues or they would have to be pumped from beneath the city of Kotzebue, solving transmission problems but creating subsidence and/or contamination hazards for city residents; 2) Because geopressurized fluids are “formation” or “connate” waters, they are not renewable resources in the sense that hydrothermal fluids are renewable. Because these fluids are a finite resource, the lifetime of the extractability would be relatively limited; 3) Thermal exchange between a hot well and thick permafrost layers could also result in ground instability. An engineering/technical study would help elucidate these issues. Prioritizing of sites. After the above studies are complete, there should be sufficient data prioritize the different sites and narrow in on one (or maximum two) for future work, including economic feasibility studies and possibly detailed geoscientific exploration. The Environmental/Archaeological checklist should be completed and submitted to NREL describing the potential impacts of development on the highest priority sites. Phases 2 and 3. Economic feasibility study and geoscientific exploration. An economic study should follow phase 1 to determine the feasibility of geothermal development top priority sites. The aim of Phase 2 is to identify one (or maximum two) geothermal prospect(s) for detailed geoscientific exploration (Phase 3). The aim of Phase 3 is to site an initial narrow diameter hole or production well. The precise work components that will constitute Phase 3 will depend on site characteristics and budget, but typically geophysical surveys and temperature gradient holes are the major components of this phase. Possible components for Phase 3 include: • Detailed remote sensing using existing satellite or aerial imagery. Purpose: identify thermally anomalous areas. • Soil geochemical surveys. Purpose: locate geothermal anomalies using geochemical “tracers” in soils such as helium, mercury, carbon dioxide, and arsenic. • Ground-based geophysical surveys (seismic, magneto-tellurics, SP, etc.). Purpose: constrain subsurface structure (identify likely upwelling areas) and/or “see” geothermal reservoir fluids. • Aerial geophysical surveys (airborne radiometrics, resistivity, etc.). Purpose: constrain surface geologic features and/or “see” upwelling zone. • Thermal gradient / exploratory drilling (shallow holes). Purpose: constrain thermal regime, confirm resource. 14PDF Image | NANA Geothermal Assessment Project (GAP) Results
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