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significant amount of sensible heat can be recovered from the expanded vapor. This is one of the benefits of using a drying fluid like HFC-245fa in the ORC. However, higher heat transfer effectiveness requires a larger recuperator and will increase system size and weight. As a tradeoff, the heat transfer effectiveness of the recuperator was designed at 85%. Both the condensing temperature and fluid subcooling in the vapor compression cycle have significant impact on the system performance as shown in Fig. 4, especially the condensing temperature. This was due to the fact that the condensing temperature has an effect on both the power and cooling cycles. It determines the overall heat rejection temperature, which is another key parameter to improve cycle efficiency besides the heat input temperature; the lower the condensing temperature the higher the overall system COP. The condensing temperatures in the model were higher than standard commercial operating conditions. This is because the system was designed based on extreme conditions with outside air temperature reaching 48.9 °C (120 °F). In addition, a relatively large temper ature difference from the condensing fluid to the atmosphere was used in order to reduce the size and weight of the condensers. The model has also demonstrated that more subcooling of the refrigerant coming out of the cooling condenser increases the cooling cycle COP and in effect increases the overall system COP. Additional subcooling keeps more liquid as the working fluid throttles through the thermostatic expansion valve (TXV in Fig. 1), which reduces the mass flow rate of the refrigerant for any given cooling load. Although subcooling is not needed in the ORC itself, 4°C of subcooling was built into the model in order to prevent pump cavitations during operation. 130 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 3600 2000 2400 Pump Outlet Pressure ppump [kPa] Boiler Outlet Temperature Tboil,out [C] Ppump vs. ηp Ppump vs. COPs Tboil,out vs. ηp Tboil,out vs. COPs Figure 2: Effect of Pump Pressure and Boiler Temperature on System Performance 2800 3200 10 Power Cycle 1st Law Efficiency ηp Overall System COPsPDF Image | Performance of a Combined Organic Rankine Cycle
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