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Two critical components of the power and cooling side were the scroll expander and scroll compressor, respectively. The expander is a positive displacement scroll compressor that has been modified to operate in reverse. The compressor is very similar to the expander, but operates in its designed direction. Specific scrolls were chosen for the expander and compressor based on the anticipated power levels, volumetric flow rates, and rotational speeds. Figure 12 shows a picture of the scroll expander. The diameter and height of the canister are 16.5 cm (6.5 inches) and 20.3 cm (8 inches), respectively. The expander and compressor are mechanically coupled with an inline, non-interfering, torque sensor in between. It measures the rotational speed, torque, and hence power of the expander. The expander output and compressor input shafts are on the side of the units. This is accomplished with two sets of spherical miters gears inside the canisters. The orientation of the unit is important for lubrication. An alternative scheme is to have a generating-motoring system where the two units would not be directly mechanically coupled. In this case, the expander would drive a motor- generator, and the compressor would run from electrical power input. However, this would reduce the overall system efficiency due to electrical conversion losses. Typical efficiency values for motors and generators are around 90%, hence a two-way conversion drops the efficiency immediately to 81% for just the power delivery to the compressor. In contrast a simple gear configuration has a mechanical efficiency between 95-97% [32]. For the expander, the high pressure and temperature vapor enters from the top center and exits from the side. In contrast, for the compressor, the low pressure vapor enters from the side and discharges from the top center. Figure 12: The scroll expander with power take off (bottom left), inlet (top), and outlet (right) 17PDF Image | Performance of a Combined Organic Rankine Cycle
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