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selecting, evaluating, and retrofitting an existing turbine into the ORC turbine. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported by the New Zealand Heavy Engineering Research Association funded by Ministry for Science & Innovation. The authors would like to thank ORC research team at the University of Canterbury for their helpful feedback in the turbocharger modification and conceptual design process. The authors would like to specially acknowledge Ariff Ghazali from the ORC Final Year Project team in assisting the construction of turbocharger test rig and the laboratory testing of the turbocharger. REFERENCES Balje, O. E. (1981). Turbomachines: A Guide to Design Selection and Theory: Wiley. Buerki, T., Bremer, J., Paice, A. D., & Troendle, D. (2010). Use of a Turbocharger and Waste Heat Conversion System: EP Patent 2,092,165. Daily, J., & Nece, R. (1960). Chamber dimension effects on induced flow and frictional resistance of enclosed rotating disks. Journal of Basic Engineering, 82, 217. Dixon, S. L., & Hall, C. (2010). Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery Retrieved from http://canterbury.eblib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.asp x?p=534952 Ghosh, S. K., Sahoo, R., & Sarangi, S. K. (2011). Mathematical Analysis for Off-Design Performance of Cryogenic Turboexpander. Journal of fluids engineering, 133(3). Jacobson, B. O., & Espejel, G. E. M. (2006). High Pressure Investigation of Refrigerants HFC245fa, R134a and R123. Japikse, D., & Baines, N. C. (1995). Introduction to turbomachinery: Concepts ETI. Leibowitz, H., Smith, I. K., & Stosic, N. (2006). Cost Effective Small Scale ORC Systems for Power Recovery From Low Grade Heat Sources. ASME Conference Proceedings, 2006(47640), 521-527. Meitner, P. L., & Glassman, A. J. (1980). Off-Design Performance Loss Model for Radial Turbines with Pivoting, Variable-Area Stators: DTIC Document. Meitner, P. L., & Glassman, A. J. (1983). Computer Code for Off-Design Performance Analysis of Radial- Inflow Turbines with Rotor Blade Sweep: DTIC Document. Molyneaux, A., & Zanelli, R. (1996). Externally pressurised and hybrid bearings lubricated with R134a for oil-free compressors. Moustapha, H., Zelesky, M., Baines, N. C., & Japiske, D. (2003). Axial and Radial Turbines: Concepts Eti. Nesmith, B. (1985). Bearing development program for a 25- kWe solar-powered organic Rankine-cycle engine: Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, CA (USA). Qiu, G., Liu, H., & Riffat, S. (2011). Expanders for micro- CHP systems with organic Rankine cycle. Applied Thermal Engineering, 31(16), 3301-3307. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.06.008 Quoilin, S., Declaye, S., & Lemort, V. (2010). Expansion Machine and fluid selection for the Organic Rankine Cycle. Rajoo, S., Romagnoli, A., & Martinez-Botas, R. F. (2012). Unsteady performance analysis of a twin-entry variable geometry turbocharger turbine. Energy, 38(1), 176-189. Serrano, J., Arnau, F., Dolz, V., Tiseira, A., & Cervelló, C. (2008). A model of turbocharger radial turbines appropriate to be used in zero-and one-dimensional gas dynamics codes for internal combustion engines modelling. Energy Conversion and Management, 49(12), 3729-3745. Vankeirsbilck, I., Vanslambrouck, B., Gusev, S., & De Paepe, M. (2011). Organic rankine cycle as efficient alternative to steam cycle for small scale power generation. Proceedings of 8 th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Pointe Aux Piments (Mauritius). Ventura, C., Jacobs, P. A., Rowlands, A. S., Petrie-Repar, P., & Sauret, E. (2012). Preliminary Design and Performance Estimation of Radial Inflow Turbines: An Automated Approach. Journal of Fluids Engineering-Transactions of the Asme, 134(3). Wasserbauer, C. A., & Glassman, A. J. (1975). FORTRAN program for predicting off-design performance of radial-inflow turbines. NASA Technical Paper(TN D- 8063). Yamamoto, Y., Gondo, S., & Kim, J. (2001). Solubility of HFC134a in Lubricants and Its Influence on Tribological Performance. Tribology transactions, 44(2), 209-214. NOMENCLATURE C: chord length (m); D: diameter (m); L: length (m); M: Mach number; m: mass flow rate (kg/s); K: coefficient; P: pressure (kPa); r: radius (m); T: temperature (K); U: turbine blade speed (m/s); W: relative flow velocity (m/s); Z: blade number Greek symbols α: absolute flow angle; β: relative flow angle; ε: clearance; : turbine loss coefficient; ρ: density; γ: specific heat ratio Subscripts 0: Stagnation condition; 1: turbine inlet; 2: turbine outlet; a: axial; b: blade; h: hydraulic; opt: optimal; p: passage; r: rotor or radial; rel: relative; te: trailing edge 35th New Zealand Geothermal Workshop: 2013 Proceedings 17 – 20 November 2013 Rotorua, New ZealandPDF Image | TURBOCHARGER AS TURBO-EXPANDER FOR ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE
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