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A feasibility study is needed to better quantify some the economic and technical challenges and opportunities of greenhouses at these remote hot spring sites, and to determine if the springs could support a commercial greenhouse operation. At Upper Division Hot Springs, and perhaps Granite Mountain as well, a small-scale greenhouse could be set up as a pilot project. Such a pilot project would consist of a greenhouse kit shipped to site and installed with re-circulating hot water pipes warmed by the spring, feeding radiators inside the greenhouse or hot water pipes in the floor. A 30’ long ‘hoop- style’ greenhouse, similar to a Quonset hut, can be built with a PVC pipe frame and plastic sheeting, costing several hundred dollars or less in materials. Such a simple greenhouse may not be able to handle winter snows or high winds, but could be used to prove the geothermal heating concept between March and October. If there is little or no artificial lighting associated with the greenhouse pilot project, then a solar PV array or small wind turbine (site conditions permitting) would provide all the needed electricity to run the circulation pumps and other equipment during the growing season. The first pilot greenhouse at either site would likely not be operated during the November-February period. Agricultural development around geothermal resources is not new to Alaska, and in fact extensive beneficial use of resources throughout the state was made during the early and middle half of the last century, including Pilgrim Hot Springs (see below) and Manley Hot Springs. The only year-round agricultural operation in Alaska today is a small greenhouse operation located at Chena Hot Springs, where the geothermal resource is utilized both for heating and generating power. One or more people would have to be hired as caretakers/greenhouse workers who would live out at the remote hot springs sites during the extended growing season. This would in effect create a continually-staffed agricultural camp from March to October. Food grown would be transported the 40 or more miles to local communities via snowmachine or aircraft, as ATVs are not feasible in this terrain. If a small-scale greenhouse located at either hot spring site proves successful, more greenhouses could be developed. Depending on the amount of new development deemed environmentally and economically viable, a year-round small community could be established if enough jobs were created by the greenhouse operations and other activities related to the hot springs. As energy prices rise, the region’s hot springs should be kept in mind as a future development scenario as people may want to move to a new community developed around a hot spring area. Three notable Alaska example projects similar to the proposed Division or Granite Mountain geothermal greenhouses are given below. Pilgrim Hot Springs- Pilgrim Hot Springs, located about 60 road miles north of Nome, has a recorded surface water temperature of about 60°C (140°F), cooler than Division but warmer than Granite Mountain. Pilgrim Hot Springs was the site of a boarding school-orphanage operated by the Catholic Church between 1917 and 1941. During this period, agricultural crops and livestock were grown in the grounds surrounding the hot springs, taking advantage of the natural heat in the ground for permafrost-free growing. About 2 square miles of permanently-thawed ground exists around Pilgrim Hot Springs. According to church records, enough food was grown on site to make the boarding school-orphanage mission mostly self-supporting. Much later, during the period between 1975 and the late 1990s, a private leaseholder who operated the site cleared 10 acres to plant oats, barley, potatoes and other vegetables. Most of the crops were grown between 1975 and 1982, although gardening at the site continued until around the year 2000. Most recently, the site has changed ownership and has been acquired by a consortium of local tribal organizations operating under Unaatuq, LLC. ACEP has received a grant from the Department of Energy to test an innovative exploration technique at the site, which will result in a new drilling program and should determine whether the site could be developed to provide 9 DE-FG36-07GO17075PDF Image | US Department of Energy Tribal Energy Program
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