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Should thermal fluids be accessible by drilling in the granitic rocks to the north of Granite Mountain, this could bring the exploitable geothermal resource significantly closer to the village of Buckland. A preliminary economic analysis for a geothermal power plant serving Buckland concluded that the resource must be less than 10 miles from the village to be economic (see Appendix A). Finally, the flow rate of the Granite Mountain hot springs is relatively high, which implies that less pumping would be required for production. Several demographic considerations also make Granite Mountain an attractive prospect. First, the site is accessed by a well-used trail from Buckland. Second, its proximity to other villages such as Koyuk open up the possibility of a shared project. The combined energy needs of both Buckland and Koyuk would require a plant with approximately 620 kW of capacity– this could more than likely be met with the existing resource. Division hot springs are another good candidate for development based on resource and demographic factors. The site is comprised of several springs, which are some of the hottest springs in the NANA region. They also flow at an extremely high rate relative to other springs in the region. The springs are located approximately 40 miles from Shungnak, which is connected to the village of Kobuk by an already existing intertie. The combined energy needs of both Shungnak and Kobuk require a plant with approximately 485 kW of capacity – this could more than likely be met with the existing resource. Moreover, proposed mining operations to the north of Shungnak and Kobuk could greatly increase electric power demand in the area. However, the 40-mile length of transmission line between Division hot springs and the Shungnak-Kobuk area could likely make geothermal power uneconomic for the two communities. Unlike Granite Mountain hot springs near Buckland, the geological evidence does not suggest a possible subsurface geothermal resource closer to the nearest village. Given the uncertainty of a geothermal resource existing in the Kotzebue area, it is recommended that further geothermal exploration efforts for Kotzebue be coordinated with oil and gas exploration activities being conducted in that area. Exploration projects for natural gas in the Chukchi Sea and other parts of the NANA region have recently been proposed, and some geophysical data collected for this purpose could also be used to assess geothermal resource potential. The high costs of exploration drilling would make it difficult for Kotzebue stakeholders to raise enough funds to hire a drilling rig dedicated to geothermal exploration, but co-mobilization with a hydrocarbon exploration program could make it more feasible. Should drilling occur in the Kotzebue area, boreholes should take pains to avoid permafrost areas and/or be deep enough to get past permafrost. They should probably penetrate 2000 ft. or deeper and should follow guidelines outlined in a consultant’s report (Huttrer, 2002). Prior to drilling, available data for the region should be evaluated to determine the best locations for boreholes. For example, marine seismic profiles obtained by WesternGeo for the Kotzebue area may be helpful in locating the depth to basement rock beneath the sedimentary basin, subsurface faults, and other features (data: http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/NAMSS/bering_sea.html). Even if a geothermal resource is discovered under Kotzebue, it will be necessary to determine whether the fluids are hydrothermal or geopressurized. Utilization of geopressurized fluids, whether for heat or power, is likely to be highly problematic, for the following reasons: 1) Either those fluids would have to be piped from a distant deep 16PDF Image | US Department of Energy Tribal Energy Program
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