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3.1.4 Thermal Features As a whole, the Granite Mountain Hot Springs appear rather unremarkable. The main thermal area near the cabin(s) has been heavily modified by man with a pool about 75 ft x 60 ft being excavated with a low dam on its lower side (Figure 1). The pool has a maximum depth of about 4 ft with a soft bottom, generally covered by algae. There are 4 orifices tens of feet uphill from the pool that produce water with a maximum temperature of 119 oF. These orifices are heavily coated with algae. In only one spot is a small area of cemented gravel visible. These springs do not precipitate any significant or noteworthy amount of travertine or sinter. The pool has 3 areas near its upper edge where bubbles signify additional inflow of thermal fluid. There is plenty of noncondensible gas available for sampling but no noticeable smell of hydrogen sulphide. No gas samples were collected. The total outflow of the pool is about 50 gpm with a temperature of 102 oF and a pH of 7.9. From the pool the thermal water cascades down the escarpment to flow into the cold creek. Just above this confluence the hot stream has a temperature of 89 oF. About 60 feet south of the pool there is another cluster of 3 or 4 orifices that produce a couple of gpm. These orifices have temperatures from 85 to 113 oF. A third area of warm water was discovered about 350 feet east of the hot pool at the base of the escarpment near where the creek is actively eroding the escarpment. There are at least two seeps here with surface temperatures as high as 52 and 69.5 oF. The total surface flow rate from this area is less than 1 gpm. The warm water is found both immediately upstream and downstream of the steep hillside formed where the cold creek meanders against the escarpment shown on Figure 3. In fact, this is the only location where the cold creek actually is currently eroding the escarpment. A traverse along the entire length of the escarpment failed to detect any deposition of travertine or sinter which might indicate the presence of past thermal fluid flow. Nothing resembling hydrothermal alteration was noticed throughout the entire area surveyed. 4.0 Chemistry 4.1 Sample Descriptions and Basic Chemistry Granite Mountain Hot Springs are one of 7 thermal springs known on the Seward Peninsula (Miller, 1973). There is another cluster of 4 thermal springs on NANA lands a little further east including Hawk, South and Division Hot Springs. The chemistry and temperatures of these springs varies quite widely and somewhat surprisingly, not all of these thermal springs have published water analyses. Serpentine and Pilgrim Hot Springs produce classical sodium chloride geothermal water while Granite Mountain and Hawk Hot Springs both flow a sulfate/bicarbonate water with very little chloride (Table 1). Reported temperatures of these hot springs range from 17 to 77 0C, with Serpentine Hot Spring being the hottest. The quality of the water analyses in Table 1 varies widely. By example the complete DRI analyses all have charge balances better than 5 % while the less complete analyses presented in Miller (1973) have only one analysis with an acceptable charge balance. There are three chemical analyses of the Granite Mountain hot spring thermal water (Table 1). The oldest analysis (Miller, 1973) is the most saline of the three samples. The two samples of the hottest available water collected at Granite Mountain Hot Springs in September, 2009 and analyzed by the Desert Research Institute are virtually identical in chemical composition. Samples from the nearby cold stream both upstream and downstream of the thermal springs were analyzed for Na, Cl, SO4, and F. Two warm seeps located 120 to 140 yards due east of 6PDF Image | US Department of Energy Tribal Energy Program
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