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The third, and unpublished empirical method, notes that in the Basin and Range province for geothermal systems located along faults (Dixie Valley, Desert Peak, Roosevelt, Beowawe, Bradys), it has been possible to inject somewhere between 2000 and 4000 gpm of cooled geothermal water per mile back into the fault zone for periods exceeding 20 years with acceptable amount of resource cooling. Therefore, if we assume that the fault at Granite Mountain Hot Springs is 1⁄2 mile long, it may be possible to produce and inject up to 2000 gpm without having rapid cooling of the fault. At Chena it takes about 500 gpm to make 250 kW of net electricity, so this means that Granite Mtn may be capable of producing and injecting up to about 1 MW worth of thermal fluid. Of course, this needs to be treated as a very preliminary and highly uncertain number subject to a number of unproven assumptions. 6.0 Discussion and Conclusions The Granite Mountain geothermal system is probably fairly typical of geothermal systems in the interior of Alaska. It is located along, and probably controlled by, a fault which has created some permeability for hot water from depth to rise up to the surface. The thermally active portion of this fault, based on very shallow holes, is about 0.5 miles. The dilute chemistry of the water and relatively high fluoride content indicate that the geothermal system is hosted by rocks with a granitic composition. The silica and Na-K-Ca chemical geothermometers strongly indicate that the subsurface temperatures of the geothermal system do not exceed 88 0C. This combination of factors indicates that there is no reason to expect this geothermal system to be capable of generating more than about 1 MW of electricity. If the Granite Mountain geothermal system were located next to a population center with reasonable road access it might be possible to develop it in a manner similar to Chena with a combination of direct use and low temperature electrical power generation. For comparison purposes, the maximum temperature measured in the Chena geothermal system to date is 80 0C. If additional exploration at Granite Mountain were to occur, there are a number of different possible techniques or strategies that could be employed but sooner or later drilling must occur. It is possible to helicopter in core rigs to drill small diameter exploration holes but it is expensive, costing perhaps $1 to $1.5 million to drill a 3000 to 4000 ft deep hole which would not be usable for production or injection purposes. It is hard to see how this could be justified for a resource that is unlikely to exceed 1 MW in electrical output. Drilling a production sized well with 9 - 5/8 inch or 13 - 3/8 inch casing will require a road (not a primitive track) to bring in the rig. It is not within the scope of this project to provide or estimate road costs, but constructing over 40 miles of road with bridges is likely to be a multimillion dollar exercise. In this case the road will cost more than the well(s), something which has not happened elsewhere in the United States. In summary, any plant construction costs at Granite Mountain would be abnormally high due to the remote location and short construction season, and there would be a substantial cost for installing a transmission line to the nearest village (Buckland). In comparison, most alternative to geothermal should have a very large cost advantage, including convention diesel fuel. Based on the results of this preliminary survey of the site, it is recommended that NANA focus on other alternative and renewable energy resources within their region. Even if some of the other identified geothermal sites would have greater developable potential than Granite Mountain, the remoteness of these sites coupled with the expense of roads and transmission lines will almost certainly make them uneconomical to develop. 11PDF Image | US Department of Energy Tribal Energy Program
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