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43.1.2 Geologic Background Division hot springs is surrounded by a suite of volcanic, intrusive and quarternary alluvium formations (Figure 2). The springs discharge directly from andesite and basalt flows (Kv) dated between 137-120 million years old (Ma). These volcanic deposits are a remnant of a Mesozoic volcanic arc. A large granodiorite body (Kgd) is located SW and up valley from the hot springs. The granodiorites range in age from 89-78 Ma in the Yukon-Koyukuk basin2. Seismic activity in the region is documented with the Kobuk fault to the north having a 4.6M earthquake in 19803. No structural control of the hot springs had been mapped previous to this field exercise. 3.1.3 Hydrogeology Thermal fluids of the Division Hot Springs are transported to the surface via a probable fault defining the edge of the valley bottom (Figure 3). The heat driving the geothermal system originates from a combination of decay of uranium in the ~75 Ma granodiorite which presumably underlies the volcanic formation at the surface and the background heat flux from deep within the earth. Cooling plutons lose most of their magmatic heat from formation within about 1 million years4 which is why radioactive decay must be a primary heat source from a pluton of such an old age. There is a very small chance that younger intrusional activity not seen at the surface provides some percentage of the heat but obtaining evidence for such a heat source by stable isotopes or helium isotope studies is beyond the scope of this project. 3.1.4 Methods Initially the project plan was to drill 1 meter holes with a portable auger with a 2 in. diameter around the springs to document the extent of high heat flow in the vicinity of the thermal springs. This would have been done by deploying PVC piping with a food grade water mixture to measure the temperature at depth after an equilibration period. The goal was to qualitatively compare the overall heat loss with other geothermal systems such as Granite Mountain and Chena Hot Springs. Temperature gradients would not be derived from these data as the holes would have been far too shallow. Installation of the temperature probes was precluded due to the concerns of local residents for the disruption to the ground at the site by the 2” auger holes. Similar data was obtained by observing where the edge of the snow melt was which indicated where major heat loss was occurring. Both hot spring areas had snow melt patterns that were oval shaped. The lower spring was surrounded by the creek and had a melt area of 100m in length and 50m in width. The upper spring (upstream) was larger with a length of about 150m and a width of 75m. The next task was to determine the temperatures of all springs and seeps in the area, collect water samples for geothermometry analysis and get a general idea of the snow melt area .PDF Image | US Department of Energy Tribal Energy Program
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