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Table 1. Comparisons of the advantages and disadvantages of solar and wind energy systems. Factor Wind systems Solar systems Advantages Favorable weather Portability Lifetime Disadvantages Stormy weather Time of year power requirements Initial cost Maintenance cost Steady winds are most productive. Can exceed 50 years, except for the piston pump, which requires maintenance every 1 to 2 years. Wears more rapidly in high winds. Destructive winds can ruin system. Power production stopped when wind speeds are low, which occurs in July and August when water is needed most. Lower initial cost. Requires more maintenance. Pump water consistently all year. Can be portably mounted to use in different locations. More than 20 years. The pump lasts less time. Panels can be damaged by hail. Cloudy weather and short days reduce energy production. Higher initial cost. Less maintenance. Estimating the size of the pump Both solar and wind energy systems use pumps to lift the water from underground to a storage tank. To estimate the size of the pump to meet your needs, you must consider several factors: • The amount of water needed each day • The pumping capacity, or the number of gallons per hour the pump must be able to lift • The amount of horsepower required to lift that amount of water To calculate your pumping needs, first esti- mate how much water will be used each day and how far the water must be lifted from underground (the depth of the well). Table 2 offers guidelines for estimating the water requirements for people and livestock. To estimate the total water requirements per day, multiply the number of people or animals by the amount of water they are expected to consume each day. Example: How much water is needed for a herd of 100 head of beef cattle? Water requirement = 100 head of cattle x 10 gallons/day/head = 1,000 gallons/day Pumping capacity Next, calculate the number of gallons per hour that the pump must be able to lift, which is the pumping capacity. Because the wind does not blow all day and the sun does not shine all day or every day, it is highly recommended that you assume that an average of 5 hours of the day are available to collect wind or solar energy. To estimate the pumping capacity, divide the number of gallons needed per day by the num- ber of hours available to collect energy. Table 2. Water requirements in gallons per day for different species. Species Gallons per day Human Beef cattle Dairy Horses Swine Sheep and goats Chickens Turkeys 100 per person 7-12 per head 10-16 per head 8-12 per head 3-5 per head 1-4 per head 8-10 per 100 birds 10-15 per 100 birds 4PDF Image | Using Renewable Energy to Pump Water
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