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The Values of Geothermal Energy October 2013 capacity of that line. As a result existing transmission capacity becomes unavailable to other generators. Geothermal power on the other hand will almost fully use the transmission capacity that it reserves from that same line. For congested transmission lines, the integration of VER resources can raise costs as more transmission infrastructure is built to accommodate the same amount of power. Transmission infrastructure is not cheap. Cost can range $1-$4 million dollars per mile20 and often high-quality VER are distant from areas of high electric power demand. Therefore, they require investment in additional transmission infrastructure to accommodate new VER into the grid, raising costs. Other Benefits of Geothermal Power In addition, when considering solutions to specific challenges facing the evolving power market environment, geothermal energy has a number of other attributes that make it an attractive piece of the energy puzzle. It contributes to the labor market, not just by creating jobs directly, but also indirectly affecting employment in a variety of supporting industries. With near-zero emissions and a small land footprint, geothermal power’s impact on the environment is small, particularly when compared to other baseload power sources. Its high capacity value and capacity factor display a level of reliability generally not found in renewable energy sources, and its history of successful exploitation demonstrate both the longevity of the resource and the dependability of the technology. Employment and Economic Development Geothermal power production creates a variety of jobs throughout its lifecycle. Consultants and geoscientists perform the initial exploration; drilling engineers and construction teams develop the facilities; and an O&M staff ultimately runs the power plant. These steps, and many more in the process, create quality, professional positions. In addition to the jobs created directly, geothermal development also indirectly increases employment in a variety of industries that provide services to the companies performing exploration, construction, or operation and maintenance. Examples of these indirectly- created jobs include equipment service personnel, security guards, lawyers, and government regulators. As Table 1 demonstrates, geothermal power creates significantly more jobs per megawatt than natural gas. 21 Table 1: Comparative Job Creation Power Source Geothermal Natural Gas Source: U.S. DOE 2006 Construction Employment (jobs/MW) 4.0 1.0 O&M Employment (jobs/MW) 1.7 0.1 Total Employment for 500 MW Capacity (person-years) 27,050 2,460 Examples of jobs created during each stage of geothermal development include: Start-up phase: archeologists, hydrologists, wildlife biologists, geologists, lawyers, NEPA coordinators 20 AEP 2008 21 U.S. DOE 2006 13PDF Image | Values of Geothermal Energy October 2013
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