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The Values of Geothermal Energy October 2013 Exploration phase: geologists, geochemists, geophysicists, GIS specialists, exploration drillers, engineers, sample analysts, consultants, management staff, clerical staff Feasibility drilling phase: drilling engineers, rig hands, site managers, mud loggers, drilling fluids personnel, cementing personnel, casing crews, rig transportation, fuel transportation, welders, safety managers Drilling and construction phase: engineers, power plant designers, document controllers, project managers, administrative support, safety managers, welders, steel erectors, concrete placers, assembly mechanics, inspection personnel Operation and Maintenance: plant managers, engineers, technicians, site operators, service repair Many of these jobs are in rural communities, which have their own unique set of challenges. Such communities are often plagued with high unemployment rates that are well above the national average. Seasonal employment is also a common practice in many rural locations. Because geothermal developers typically negotiate long-term agreements with power purchasers, many of the jobs they create can be guaranteed for decades. The development of geothermal resources in rural areas offers a vehicle for educating, training and employing the local population, in addition to, increasing the diversity and stability of the local economy.22 Small Land Footprint Geothermal power has a very small land usage compared to other energy sources, particularly when weighed against other renewables. Unlike solar, wind, and biomass sources, which are predicated upon gathering diffuse ambient energy over large tracts of land, geothermal exploits a concentrated, subterranean resource. This plant design equates to less planetary surface area needed to produce comparable levels of power. A recent paper estimates the intensity of land use associated with various energy sources based on the anticipated state of technology in the year 2030. Geothermal power’s estimated usage of 7.5 km2/TWh- year is better than coal (9.7), solar thermal (15.3), natural gas (18.6), solar voltaic (36.9), petroleum (44.7), hydropower (54.0), wind (72.1), and biomass (543.4).23 Near Zero Emissions Geothermal power boasts extremely low emission rates, especially when compared with traditional fossil fuels that involve direct combustion of the primary resource. Binary power plants, which represent most of the geothermal plants that have come online recently, have near-zero GHG emissions and minimal particulate matter emissions.24 When considering life cycle emissions, Argonne National Laboratory found binary geothermal power plants to be one of the cleanest forms of energy.25 Flash and dry steam power plants also represent a significant improvement over coal and natural gas, as shown in Table 2: 22 Jennejohn 2010 23 McDonald et al. 2013 24 Matek 2013 25 Sulivan et al. 2010 14PDF Image | Values of Geothermal Energy October 2013
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