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Abstract The U.S. industrial sector accounts for about onethird of the total energy consumed in the United States and is responsible for about onethird of fossilfuelrelated greenhouse gas emissions. It is estimated that somewhere between 20 to 50% of industrial energy input is lost as waste heat in the form of hot exhaust gases, cooling water, and heat lost from hot equipment surfaces and heated products. As the industrial sector continues efforts to improve its energy efficiency, recovering waste heat losses provides an attractive opportunity for an emissionfree and lesscostly energy resource. Numerous technologies and variations/combinations of technologies are commercially available for waste heat recovery. Many industrial facilities have upgraded or are improving their energy productivity by installing these technologies. However, heat recovery is not economical or even possible in many cases. This study was initiated in order to evaluate RD&D needs for improving waste heat recovery technologies. A bottomup approach is used to evaluate waste heat quantity, quality, recovery practices, and technology barriers in some of the largest energyconsuming units in U.S. manufacturing. The results from this investigation serve as a basis for understanding the state of waste heat recovery and providing recommendations for RD&D to advance waste heat recovery technologies. Technology needs are identified in two broad areas: 1) extending the range of existing technologies to enhance their economic feasibility and recovery efficiency, and 2) exploring new methods for waste heat recovery, especially for unconventional waste heat sources. Acknowledgement We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Industrial Technologies Program (ITP). This work was carried out by BCS, Incorporated under contract with DOE. The final report presents information from many resources. The research and content was developed by Ilona Johnson and William T. Choate, Amber Davidson provided edits, and Borys Marizza provided the cover design. The authors would like to thank: Elwin L. Rooy, Rooy and Associates (aluminum): H. Wayne Hayden, President, MMPact Incorporated (aluminum); Michael Greenman, Executive Director, Glass Manufacturing Industrial Council (glass); Fred Rorick, President, Rorick Inc. (steel); and, William A. Obenchain, AISI Technical Manager (steel) for their time and input to our understanding of the industrial processes. vPDF Image | Waste Heat to Energy Tech Opportunities in US Industry
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