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Study Estimated Waste Heat Loss and/or Recovery Potential Cooke6, 1974 EPA5, 1986 Energetics3, 2004 PNNL4, 2006 Table 3 Estimates of Waste Heat Loss and Recovery Potential Waste heat losses in the United states total 50% of energy inputs Losses from exhaust gases from industrial processes and power generation sites total 14.1 quadrillion Btu/yr. About 1.5 quadrillion Btu/yr could be recovered at temperatures above 300°F. This would correspond to about 31% and 3% of industrial energy inputs, respectively.7 Waste heat could range from 2050% of industrial inputs. Selected energy saving opportunities from waste heat recovery could total 1.6 quadrillion Btu/yr The chemical energy contained in exhaust gas streams totals about 1.7 quadrillion Btu/yr. 1.3 Structure of This Report Part A provides the reader with a background in waste heat recovery concepts and technologies. Section 2 describes factors influencing waste heat recovery feasibility, including waste heat quantity, temperature, chemical composition, and thermodynamic restrictions. Section 3 provides a description of waste heat recovery technologies, including conventional technologies (e.g., recuperators and regenerators), and developing technologies such as solidstate generation devices. Part B (Section 4) evaluates current waste heat losses and recovery practices in some of the most energy intensive processes in the largest energyconsuming industries in the United States. The processes analyzed consume about 8,600 TBtu of energy per year, which make up about 40% of the annual energy delivered to the industrial sector. The focus of the discussion is on flue gases from hightemperature processes, but some losses such as convective and radiative losses from equipment and cooling water losses from certain applications are also mentioned. Items addressed include waste heat loss estimates, exhaust temperatures, chemical constraints, existing recovery practices, and barriers to further waste heat recovery. Part C consolidates the findings from our assessment of waste heat losses and recovery practices. Section 5 describes observed trends in unrecovered waste heat and identifies opportunity areas, and Section 6 identifies key barriers and RD&D needed to further promote waste heat recovery. 4PDF Image | Waste Heat to Energy Tech Opportunities in US Industry
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