Waste Heat to Energy Tech Opportunities in US Industry

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Waste Heat to Energy Tech Opportunities in US Industry ( waste-heat-energy-tech-opportunities-us-industry )

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Temp Range Example Sources Temp (°F) Temp (°C) Advantages Disadvantages/ Barriers High temperature creates Typical Recovery Methods/ Technologies High furnace Copper refining furnace Steel heating furnace Copper reverberatory furnace Hydrogen plants Fume incinerators Glass melting furnace Coke oven Iron cupola 1,400­1,500 1,700­1,900 1,650­2,000 1,200­1,800 1,200­2,600 2,400­2,800 1,200­1,800 1,500­1,800 450­900 700­1,000 600­1,100 800­1,200 450­1,100 840­1,150 760­820 930­1,040 900­1,090 650­980 650­1,430 1,300­1,540 650­1,000 820­980 230­480 370­540 320­590 430­650 230­590 450­620 High­efficiency power generation Increased chemical activity/corrosion Furnace load preheating >1,200°F [> 650°C] Transfer to med­low temperature processes Medium Steam boiler exhaust Gas turbine exhaust Reciprocating engine exhaust Heat treating furnace Drying & baking ovens Cement kiln More compatible with heat exchanger materials Combustion air preheat Steam/ power generation Organic Rankine cycle for 450­1,200°F [230­650°C] Practical for power generation power generation Furnace load preheating, Low For combustion exhausts, low­temperature heat recovery is impractical due to acidic condensation and heat exchanger corrosion Organic Rankine cycle <450°F [<230°C] Nickel refining furnace Steel electric arc furnace 2,500­3,000 2,500­3,000 1,370­1,650 1,370­1,650 High­quality energy, available for a diverse range of end­uses with varying temperature requirements Combustion air preheat Basic oxygen furnace Aluminum reverberatory 2,200 2,000­2,200 1,200 1,100­1,200 increased thermal stresses on heat exchange materials Steam generation for process heating or for mechanical/ electrical work Table 4 ­ Temperature Classification of Waste Heat Sources and Related Recovery Opportunity Exhaust gases exiting recovery devices in gas­fired boilers, ethylene furnaces, etc. 150­450 70­230 Large quantities of low­ temperature heat contained in numerous product streams. Few end uses for low temperature heat processes Space heating Process steam condensate Cooling water from: 130­190 50­90 Low­efficiency power generation furnace doors annealing furnaces air compressors internal combustion 90­130 150­450 80­120 150­250 30­50 70­230 30­50 70­120 Upgrading via a heat pump to increase temp for end use engines air conditioning and refrigeration condensers 90­110 200­450 90­450 30­40 90­230 30­230 Drying, baking, and curing ovens Hot processed liquids/solids High heat transfer rate per unit area 8 feedwater preheating Transfer to low­temperature Domestic water heating

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