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Waste Heat to Energy Tech Opportunities in US Industry

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Waste Heat to Energy Tech Opportunities in US Industry ( waste-heat-energy-tech-opportunities-us-industry )

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iv) Operation and maintenance costs – Streams with high chemical activity that damage equipment surfaces will lead to increased maintenance costs. v) ­ Environmental concerns – Waste heat recovery from exhaust stream may complicate or alter the performance of environmental control and abatement equipment. vi) Product/Process control – Chemically active exhaust streams may require additional efforts to prevent cross­contamination between streams. 5) Application­Specific Constraints i) Process­specific constraints – Equipment designs are process­specific and must be adapted to the needs of a given process. For example, feed preheat systems vary significantly between glass furnaces, blast furnaces, and cement kilns. ii) Product/ Process control – Heat recovery can complicate and compromise process/quality control systems 6) Inaccessibility/Transportability i) Limited space – Many facilities have limited physical space in which to access waste heat streams (i.e., limited floor or overhead space) ii) Transportability – Many waste heat gaseous streams are discharged near atmospheric pressure (limiting the ability to transport them to and through equipment without additional energy input). iii) Inaccessibility – It is difficult to access and recover heat from unconventional sources such as hot solid product streams (e.g., ingots) and hot equipment surfaces (e.g., sidewalls of primary aluminum cells). Safety and operational demands that require egress/access around/above most melting furnaces, boilers, heaters, and other high temperature equipment. 5.8 Summary of Research, Development, and Demonstration Opportunities for Waste Heat Recovery In order to promote heat recovery practices, several efforts could be made to reduce system costs, optimize heat exchange materials, heat transfer rates, low­temperature recovery, and available end­uses for waste heat. Opportunities for RD&D that address technology and cost barriers are listed below. • Low­cost, novel materials – Develop low­cost, novel materials for resistance to corrosive contaminants and to high temperatures. • Reduce overall costs – Economically scale down heat recovery equipment and reduce relative costs for small­scale operations. • Easier maintenance – Develop economic recovery systems that can be easily cleaned after exposure to gases with high chemical activity. • Process improvements – Develop alternative manufacturing processes that generate less waste heat. Or, develop processes that avoid introducing contaminants into process off­gases, thereby enabling easier heat transfer from exhaust gases. Of course, both must retain acceptable product quality and financial returns. • Gas cleaning – Develop low­cost methods for cleaning exhaust gases. 63 ­

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