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Waste Heat Recovery Barriers and RD&D Opportunities Section 5 of this report outlines waste heat recovery barriers and technology opportunities that can promote heat recovery in the opportunity areas listed above. Key restrictions preventing heat recovery in a particular application can include cost, temperature restrictions, chemical composition of heat streams, applicationspecific constraints, and difficulty accessing and transporting nonfluid heat sources. Challenges for heat recovery under these constraints include material costs, maintenance costs, lack of a local enduse for lowtemperature heat, environmental concerns, and the need for process and product quality control. Table 25 summarizes the RD&D needed to address the various technology barriers determined from this investigation in order to impact significant waste heat recovery. RD&D opportunities encompass both optimizing existing heat recovery technologies, as well as promoting new technologies. Since cost is a key barrier to heat recovery, it is important that any efforts for technology development focus on reducing both the capital and operating costs of heat recovery equipment. Optimizing Existing Technologies Although several technologies are already available for heat recovery, constraints listed above may prevent the applicability of technologies to a given waste heat source, or may prevent it from being installed economically. RD&D focused on enhancing existing technologies will extend their applicability to diverse waste heat sources. This includes extending the range of temperatures over which heat recovery can be performed (i.e., including lowtemperature heat recovery as well as hightemperature heat recovery), extending the use of heat recovery equipment to processes with high levels of chemical activity, and extending technologies into new applications. Developing New Technologies New technologies are emerging as options for heat recovery. An example of a recent technology is the Kalina cycle for lowtemperature power generation, which has been successfully demonstrated in some applications and may have increasing relevance for heat recovery. Other technologies such as thermoelectric devices have not yet been tested in industrial applications, but further development could create future opportunities for heat recovery. Moreover, while this study focused on gaseous exhaust streams, further work should be done to investigate unconventional sources of waste heat that are not typically considered for waste heat recovery. Perhaps novel recovery technologies could provide new avenues for improved industrial efficiency. 66 PDF Image | Waste Heat to Energy Tech Opportunities in US Industry
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