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Table A2.11 - Estimate of Basic Oxygen Furnace Off-gas Waste Heat Basic Oxygen Furnace Off-gas Waste Heat Estimate Flue Gas Enthalpya (77°F Reference) (300°F Reference) BOF Gas Productionb (77°F Reference) (300°F Reference) 2409 Btu/lb gas 93 Btu/lb gas 199.15 lb gas/ ton liquid steel 0.48 10^6 Btu/ton liquid steel 0.46 10^6 Btu/ton liquid steel Production Rate Waste Heat Loss a. Based on assumed chemical composition and temperature listed in Tables A 7 and A 8. b. IPCC Best Available Techniques Reference Document on the Production of Iron and Steel, p. 1233. 2001. Table A2.12 - Estimate of Electric Arc Furnace Off-gas Waste Heat Electric Arc Furnace Off-gas Waste Heat Estimatea Without Scrap Preheat Average Power Input to Furnaceb Percent of Power Input Lost in Off-gasc 20% Percent of Offgas Losses Consisting of Sensible Heatc 50% 1.5 10^6 Btu/ton steel Average Waste Heat Loss 77°F Referencee 300°F Referencef Average Energy Input to Furnaceg Average Waste Heat Loss 77°F Reference f 300°F Reference f a. Due to the high variation electric arc furnace off-gas composition, temperature, and off-gas flow rate, waste heat estimates were not calculated using the same methods listed previously. Instead, estimates are simply based on common industry estimates that 20% of furnace inputs are lost as waste heat. The fraction of sensible heat loss, and the ratio of losses for different exhaust temperatures and different reference states were estimated based on an assumed average chemical composition shown in table letter. b. Based on energy input reported by Energetics, 2000, Energy and Environmental Profile of the US Iron and Steel Industry, p. 63. Value includes electricity consumption, but not the primary fuels used for generating electricity.. c. Freuhan 1998, The Making, Shaping, and Treating of Steel, AISE Steel Foundation, p. 605 e. Based on average energy input and typical percent energy losses. f. The assumed off-gas chemical composition was used to estimate the ratio between calculated gas enthalpy at different temperatures. Estimated heat loss at 2,200°F with a 77°F reference was used to calculate heat loss at other exhaust temperatures. g. Energetics, p. 64. Scrap preheating reduces energy consumption about 10%. 0.15 10^6 Btu/ton steel 0.14 10^6 Btu/ton steel 1.388 10^6 Btu/ton steel 0.02 10^6 Btu/ton steel With Scrap Preheat 0.01 10^6 Btu/ton steel A - 15PDF Image | Waste Heat to Energy Tech Opportunities in US Industry
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