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Commercial Technical Economic Notes Commercial Technical Economic Notes Commercial Technical Economic Notes Commercial Technical Economic Notes Commercial Technical Economic Notes Commercial Technical Economic Notes Regenerator Recuperator Heat Wheel 1 1 1 + + + 6 n 7 n m 7 o o 8 nm7 9 n m 7 m4 10 10 n n n 11 n n n 11 nnn11 n n 10 n n 11 4 n n n n + + + + + + +++ n m n m4 xxx x x x 16 x x x x 16 x x x x 16 x x x x 16 x nnn n o + o 17 n x x x 18 x 4 x x 16 x x 16 x x 16 x x 16 nn Passive Air Preheater 1 Thermal Medium System o o 2 Waste Heat Boiler 3 Low T Power Cycle 1 Solid State Generation 4 13 13 14 14 14 13 15 n x x 18 4 Load Preheat Process Specific/Other o o 5 nnn + +o 19 Table B1 Status of Waste Heat Recovery Technologies in the Iron and Steel Industries Coke Oven Gas Waste Gas Blast Furnace Gas Hot Blast Stove Exhaust Basic Oxygen Furnace Gas Electric Arc Furnace Offgas Coke Oven Iron/Steel Blast Furnace BOF EAF o o 5 o + 12 1. Use of heat exchangers with coke oven gases is almost never done. There have been a few efforts for heat recovery, but these generally stall due to significant contaminants in the gas stream. (Beer, p. 189) 2. Bisio p. 258, a heat transfer medium has been successfully used to recover heat from coke oven gas in the ascension pipe in at least one case. 3. Plants in Japan have attempted using a waste heat boiler, but ceased operation due to problems with tar condensation. (Bisio, p. 258) 4. Solid state generation has not yet been used for any industrial exhaust gas heat recovery. It may have potential for use in clean exhaust streams. 5. Waste heat from either coke oven gas or waste gas can sometimes be used to remove coal moisture (CANMET, p. 10) 6. The use of regenerators is a common practice in coke ovens. The regenerator recovers heat from waste gas and heats the incoming combustion air or blast furnace gas. It is not used to recover coke oven gas. (IPCC p, 113. Perry, p. 962 ). 7. A variety of recovery devices may be technically feasible, since waste gases are relatively clean. However, since waste gases leaving the regenerator are at average temperatures of about 200°C, most systems for further recovery would probably not be economical. 8. Heat pipes can be used to further recover waste heat in waste gases after the regenerator. This has been done in a few cases using a heat pipe (Bisio p.264) 9. Unreasonable, given low gas temperatures leaving the regenerator. 10. Typical blast furnace exhaust temperatures are likely too low for these high temperature recovery devices to be feasible. 11. Beyond the use of drytype pressure recovery turbines, no discussion of sensible heat recovery from blast furnace gases was discovered in published literature. 12. Some systems use top pressure recovery turbines to recover pressure energy. These are usually in conjunction with wet cleaning systems. Drytype turbines are commercial abroad, but not common in the US. This type enables recovery of both kinetic energy and sensible heat. (CANMET, p. 64.Beer p. 188) 13. The exhaust temperature from this application is too low to make this recovery option practical. 14. Various systems have been used for recovery from hot blast stoves, both for preheating air and fuel (Pei Hsun and CANMET, p. 65). 15. Exhaust gases are relatively clean and in the lowmedium temperature range. Therefore, low temperature power generation may be an option. 16. Combustion air preheat is irrelevant. 17. A variety of waste heat boiler designs have been used to recover sensible heat and/or chemical energy contained in BOF offgases. (CANMET, p. 117119). 18. Exhaust temperatures from this application are too high for low temperature Rankin cycles to be a reasonable option. Additionally, discontinuous furnace operation would be a challenge. 19. Scrap preheating is a common practice with electric arc furnaces. B2 Cell key defined on Page B1PDF Image | Waste Heat to Energy Tech Opportunities in US Industry
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