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Table B3 Status of Waste Heat Recovery Technologies in the Aluminum, Metal Casting and Steam Boilers Aluminum Metal Casting Iron Steam Boiler HallHeroult Cells Melting Furnaces Iron Cupola Boiler Regenerator 1 + + o 3 n n n + Recuperator 1 + + o 3 + + + 7 + + + 8 Heat Wheel 1 o + o 4 n n n + + + 8 Passive Air Preheater 1 n n n n n n + + + 8 Heat Transfer Medium 1 n n n n n n + + + 8 Waste Heat Boiler 1 n n n n n n x x x Low T Power Generation 1 x x x 5 n n n m n 9 Solid state Generation m 2 m 2 m 2 m 2 Load Preheat n n n 1 + + o 6 + + + 10 Process Specific/Other Cell key defined on Page B1 1. No efforts have been made to recover exhaust gas waste heat from primary aluminum cells (Hayden). There is also little physical space available for heat transfer equipment. 2. Solid state generation has not yet been used for any industrial exhaust gas heat recovery. 3. Several secondary melting furnaces have installed regenerators and recuperators. However, there are many cases where recovery equipment is removed due to complications in operation and maintenance (Hayden). 4. Heat wheels have been developed for use in aluminum furnaces, but they have not been successfully commercialized in the United States (Hauck). 5. Exhaust temperatures are too high 6. Charge preheating is used in some aluminum melting operations, including secondary aluminum refining furnaces and aluminum metal casting furnaces (Eppich). 7. Combustion exhaust gases are used to preheat the hot blast (Schifo, p. 2830). 8. A variety of gasgas heat exchangers have been used with steam boilers (Babcock and Wilcox, pp. 193 19 13) 9. Low temperature power generation may be an option for exhaust gases from boilers fired with clean fuels (e.g. natural gas). However, there is no indication that this has been attempted. 10. Use of economizers to preheat boiler feedwater is a very common practice (Matallah) B4 Commercial Technical Economic Notes Commercial Technical Economic Notes Commercial Technical Economic Notes Commercial Technical Economic NotesPDF Image | Waste Heat to Energy Tech Opportunities in US Industry
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