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WASTE HEAT MANAGEMENT IN THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY

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WASTE HEAT MANAGEMENT IN THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY ( waste-heat-management-inelectric-power-industry )

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1.3 Regulatory Aspects Environmental regulation can be defined as a set of procedures and guidelines which are formulated and enforced by public authorities with the purpose of ensuring that waste heat disposal practices are applied to protect the environment in a socially beneficial manner. Because of the difficulty of finding common qualifying measures for different objectives, global optimization procedures are not possible. Consequently environ- mental regulations are essentially a recognition of the necessity of making use of simpler, sub-optimal procedures. Regulatory standards are usually given in numerical values, some- times supported by verbal descriptions. In the water environment, these may be in the form of "stream standards" specifying allowable temperatures or temperature rises outside of a "mixing zone" which may or may not be defined by area or volume measures. "Effluent standards" apply to the effluent at the point of discharge. The major problem in setting common standards is the extreme temporal and spatial variability of specific site conditions. The extent to which a standard relies on numerical as opposed to verbal descriptions in large part determines the task of the planning and design team for a given facility. At one extreme the planner is not faced with considering environmental impacts but only with detail design to meet the standards. An example is the specification of an allowable temperature rise of 1.5°F at the edge of a 6-acre mixing zone at the water surface. The basis for thermal analysis including the requirement for moni- toring has developed in the United States through a number of legislative steps and court decisions. The Water Quality Act of 1965 authorized the 8

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WASTE HEAT MANAGEMENT IN THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY

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