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heat exchanger through which the cooling water is circulated in an enclosed system. The minimum cooling water temperature will always be higher than the ambient dry bulb air temperature. This may pose a severe penalty on the thermal efficiency in warm areas. Dry towers must be appreciably larger than wet towers and cost estimates are generally from three to five times larger. 1.7 Effect of Heat Rejection System on Thermal Efficiency The function of a power plant cooling system is to reject the heat in the steam condenser. It is desirable to reject the heat at the lowest possible temperature since the ideal efficiency increases as the tempera- ture of the heat sink decreases as shown in Eq. 1.1. The cooling system operating temperatures are closely related to the steam condensing tempera- ture and turbine exhaust pressure. A lower exhaust pressure means that moreusefulworkisproducedbytheturbine. Thefactorthatexpresses the relationship between the steam condensing temperature and the tempera- ture of the warm circulating water leaving the condenser is called the con- denser terminal temperature difference (TTD). This is a measure of the heat transfer efficiency of the condenser. Two factors are important for the performance of a condenser cool- ing water system: 1) the static response under constant atmospheric and environmental conditions, and 2) the dynamic response (thermal inertia) to rapid changes in meteorological conditions. A plot of the steam condensing temperature as a function of temperature and turbine exhaust pressure is shown in Fig. 1-6 (Budenholzer, et al, 1971) for various types of heat rejection systems. 24PDF Image | WASTE HEAT MANAGEMENT IN THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY
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