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II SUMMARY OF COMPLETED WORK 2.1 Design and Optimization of Dry and Wet/Dry Cooling Towers Cooling systems for power plants located in arid regions must be designed to minimize water consumption. Because the use of dry cooling towers, either by themselves or in combination with wet towers, substan- tially increases both the capital and operating cost of a power plant, the economics of such systems must be carefully considered. In the present study several research areas that address this problem have been examined. The interaction of cost and power plant performance has been care- fully analyzed for the case of an all dry mechanical draft tower by re- fining an optimization program which was originally developed in the Mechanical Engineering Department at MIT (Andeen et al., 1972, 1973). The program considers ambient temperature variations throughout the year for the site in question. Rather than using predesigned dry modules, the module design is also optimized, e.g. by determining air velocity, tube length, etc., so that the average yearly cost of power generation of the plant-cooling tower combination is minimized. Recent refinements to the model include optimization of the surface condenser and the water distribution system between the condenser and the tower so that the optimum range and pipe sizes for the system can be determined. A major economic penalty associated with the use of dry towers is the loss of generating capacity at high ambient temperature, especially for a utility with a peak demand during the summer. How to assess this penalty has been of concern to both utilities and tower designers. The M.I.T. study explored various options for replacing lost capacity ranging 36PDF Image | WASTE HEAT MANAGEMENT IN THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY
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