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Regulatory review, location analysis and impacts on industrial process For low temperature projects, the fluids used are safe and non flammable (water for heat transfer and cooling loop; R245fa for the ORC module) which facilitates implementation in the industrial environment. The regulatory and authorisation phases are simplified. In France, the only equipment requiring an administrative declaration are wet cooling towers for sanitary reasons7. Such waste heat recovery projects would require 50m2 of ground surface as follows: 15 m2 for the two ORC modules 10 m2 for the waste heat recovery exchanger and loop 25 m2 for the cooling system. Finally, a by-pass loop is installed on the existing exhaust circuit. The recovery heat exchanger would be installed on that bypass loop to disconnect the industrial process from the heat recovery projects. Using such precaution, a problem with the ORC system would not impact the coking plant. Investment and O&M costs Due to the relatively small size of the Plant, specific costs of the project are relatively high: at around 1100k€ for 250kWe gross, or more than 4 000€/kWe. The major part of the investment is devoted to the 2 ORC modules (around 50%). On the other hand ORC installations are well-known for their very low operation and maintenance costs. Current projects show average O&M costs of 1c€/kWh and availability above 95%8. In the following analysis we will consider a conservative assumption of 3c€/kWh. Ex-Works Transport Assembly Total Recovery heat exchanger 2 ORC modules Cooling tower Electrical auxiliaries Mechanical auxiliaries Civil works Project costs 200 15 500 10 100 5 40 5 50 5 0 0 0 0 15 230 10 520 5 110 5 50 5 60 40 40 0 70 Total 890 40 80 1 080 Expected investment costs (k€) 7 Legionella problems 8 G.Holdmann, ORC Technology for Waste Heat Applications, Diesel Heat Recovery and Efficiency Workshop, December 2007PDF Image | Waste heat recovery projects using ORC
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