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1-1 Organic Rankine Cycle 3 and Chen et. al. [12] have done comprehensive reviews on the differences between ORC and conventional Rankine cycle systems. These are as follows: Superheating : Figure 1-2 illustrates the major classification of fluids based on the slope of its vapor saturation curves. "Wet fluids" are those which have a negative slope. Water is classified as a wet fluid. Such fluids require superheating in order to avoid condensation during the expansion process. Ideal fluids for ORCs are generally either "Isentropic" or "Dry" with a zero or positive slope respectively which do not require superheating. Figure 1-2: Three types of working fluids: dry, isentropic, and wet. Adapted from Chen et.al.[12] The risk of blade erosion is thus reduced extending the lifetime of the expander to a consid- erable period of years. Low temperature heat recovery : With its low boiling point, a properly selected organic working fluid can recover heat at much lower temperatures when compared to steam/water cycles (e.g. with geothermal sources). Component size : ORC fluids have a high volumetric flow rate at the turbine outlet. Hence the size of the regenerator and condenser tends to be larger in such systems. Boiler Design : ORC systems can use once-through boilers due to the relatively smaller density difference between vapor and liquid for the working fluids. Thus the use of boiler drums and the need to recirculate the fluid are avoided. Turbine inlet temperature : Steam Rankine cycles require superheating and hence higher turbine inlet temperatures than an ORC system. This would require the use of expensive high temperature materials for the turbine blades and the boiler. In ORC systems, the turbine inlet temperatures are limited by the fluid’s thermal stability limit. Master of Science Thesis Akshay HattiangadiPDF Image | Working Fluid Design for Organic Rankine Cycle
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