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3-3 Turbine Model 23 due to which the radius and hence the blade speed and the tangential velocity of the vapor decrease. This implies a high cross-stream pressure gradient between the blades i.e. high blade loading. The rotor contains an axial to radial turn in the meridional plane and at the same time, the blades must curve towards the exit. These two curvatures in addition to the effects of rotation of the passage about the turbine axis result in a very complex 3-D flow pattern. The meridional curvature sets up a secondary flow which tends to move the fluid from the hub to the shroud while a recirculation continues to move it from the pressure to suction surface. In the exit section, the primary flow is on an axial-tangential surface of revolution about the axis and any radial components of velocity are small. The function of the exducer (or exit section) is to turn the flow from a predominantly axial direction in the relative frame and give it relative tangential momentum which is important in determining the level of work output from the rotor. Figure 3-6 illustrates a 3-D model of a radial turbine rotor. Figure 3-6: An illustration of the rotor of a radial turbine [41] Exhaust Diffuser The working fluid leaving the rotor has certain kinetic energy which can be quite significant in cases where the size and weight of the machine are important and the rotor exit blade height is kept small. The energy is wasted unless the fluid can be diffused. A diffuser increases the expansion ratio across the rotor over a fixed pressure ratio. However there are certain drawbacks of having a diffuser. It adds considerably to the overall size of the turbine. Also, a sharp bend immediately after a diffuser imposes a pressure gradient across the stream which can seriously reduce its efficiency. Another problem is that the exhaust of a turbine in off- design performance is usually not axial but highly swirling. If this swirling is considerable, it is associated with a centrifugal pressure field which can cause the diffusion to break down and fluid to recirculate. Based on the theory discussed above, a preliminary model of a radial turbine has been implemented. The following section describes this model. Master of Science Thesis Akshay HattiangadiPDF Image | Working Fluid Design for Organic Rankine Cycle
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