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3-3 Turbine Model 25 Turbine Model Implementation The radial turbine has been modeled in FORTRAN and implemented into Cycle-Tempo. The input to the procedure are the system specifications such as mass flow-rate, turbine inlet temperature, fluid velocity and non-dimensional design parameters such as degree of reaction, flow coefficient and spouting velocity ratio. The outputs are the basic dimensions of the inlet and exit planes of the rotor in terms of diameter, blade height and angle and the power output, isentropic efficiency and speed of rotation. The non-dimensional parameters are expressed as: R = h2 − h3 h1 − h3 φ = Cm3 U2 ψ = U2 Co (3-8) (3-9) (3-10) where R is the degree of reaction, hx is the static enthalpy at station x, Cm3 is the absolute velocity of fluid flow in the meridonal direction at station 3, U2 is the rotor tip speed, Co is the isentropic spouting velocity at the turbine exit which would result in an ideal expansion of the gas over the same pressure ratio as that of the turbine. The parameters φ and ψ are analogous to the flow and blade loading coefficients used in axial turbines [1]. Figure 3-7 presents the relationship between these parameters [42]. Figure 3-7: Correlation of attainable radial turbine efficiencies with velocity ratios (from Rodgers and Geiser [42]) From the figure, it is clear that the maximum efficiency is achieved when the values of φ and ψ are 0.25 and 0.7 respectively. The degree of reaction is typically between 0 to 0.5 [43]. In conventional impulse stages (R=0), supersonic relative inlet velocity is obtained for volume ratios larger than 5 while for a 50% reaction stage, subsonic rotor inlet conditions are achieved for volume ratio of about 500 but the rotor blade height variations are prohibitive Master of Science Thesis Akshay HattiangadiPDF Image | Working Fluid Design for Organic Rankine Cycle
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