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Working Fluid Design for Organic Rankine Cycle

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Working Fluid Design for Organic Rankine Cycle ( working-fluid-design-organic-rankine-cycle )

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3-8 Constraints 35 ^d􏰄Zd /􏰎􏰇􏰌􏰇􏰙􏰛􏰇􏱚􏰋 W􏰍􏰓􏰖􏰛􏰙􏰌􏰇􏰍􏰎 􏰌􏰬􏰣 􏰂E􏰆 􏰌􏰬􏰌􏱜􏰥 E􏰋􏰠 '􏰋􏰎􏰋􏰊􏰙􏰌􏰇􏰍􏰎 􏰂􏰚􏰙􏰛􏰖􏰙􏰌􏰇􏰍􏰎 􏰌􏱛􏰌 EK z􏰂^ ^􏰋􏰛􏰋􏰉􏰌􏰇􏰍􏰎 􏰃􏰊􏰍􏰈􏰈􏰍􏰚􏰋􏰊 D􏰖􏰌􏰙􏰌􏰇􏰍􏰎 Figure 3-16: A flowchart illustrating the genetic algorithm (adapted from van den Braembussche [58]) Table 3-9: Constraints implemented for the GA Parameter Segment Number (m) [−] Evaporator Pressure (PE) [bar] Evaporator Temperature (TE) [oC] Condenser Pressure (PC ) [bar] Condenser Temperature (TC ) [oC] Pinch Point Temperature Difference in Evapo- rator ∆Tp [K] Cooling water flow rate (V cw) [l/s] 3-8 Constraints Target Value 4 ≤ m ≤ 8 1 ≤ PE ≤ 40 TE > 0 0.05 ≤ PC ≤ 1 TC > 85 ∆Tp > 5 0 ≤ V cw ≤ 1 The optimization variables viz. segment number, evaporator pressure and condenser pressure have been constrained. The segment number has been restricted to limit the scope of the fluid search to siloxanes. From Table 3-1, it is clear that the segment number for such fluids should be constrained between 4 and 8. The evaporator pressure is bound to be lower than 40 bar which is the technological limit for small plate heat exchangers suitable for such applications [21]. The lowest possible pressure in the condenser is considered to be 0.05 bar in order to provide the necessary sealing to prevent the atmospheric air to enter the system [21]. A minimum pinch point temperature difference between hot and cold fluid is set to 5 K to ensure compact evaporator heat exchangers. The condenser temperature is limited to Master of Science Thesis Akshay Hattiangadi 􏱕 􏱔􏱓

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